主要栽培因素对甘蓝型杂交油菜油品质及稳定性的影响

摘要

Objective This study aimed to analyze the influence of five cultivation factors: sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount, phosphate fertilizer amount and potash fertilizer amount on oil quality and stability of Brassica napus hybrids. [Method] Statistical analysis was carried out based on the data from previ-ous studies and our work. [Result] Sowing date had no significant influence on oil quality and stability of B. napus hybrids. The plant density shared a positive corre-lation with 18-C fatty acid (FA) content, unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, index of unsaturated fatty acid (IUFA), so a large plant density can improve the oil quality (by increasing18-C FA content, UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid), but reduce the oil stability (by increasing IUFA). The amount of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant influence on the contents of 18-C FA and UFA, but significant positive correlations with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid and IUFA. So, the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid can be reduced by increasing nitrogen amount, mean-while the oil stability was also decreased. Phosphate fertilizer amount did not affect 18-C FA significantly, but was negatively correlated with the UFA content, total con-tent of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and IUFA. So, increasing the amount of ap-plied phosphate fertilizer can reduce UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, thereby improving oil stability. Potash fertilizer had no significant influ-ence on the IUFA, a significant positive correlation with 18-C FA content, an in-significant positive correlation with the the UFA content, and a negative correlation with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. The oil content of rapeseed shared an extremely significant positive correlation with 18-C FA content and UFA content, an negative correlation with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and no significant correlation with IUFA. [Conclusion] This study identified the effects of five main cultivation factors on oil quality and stability of B. napus hy-brids, and the correlations of oil content with 18-C FA content, UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and IUFA.%[目的]研究播期、密度、施氮量、施磷量、施钾量5个主要栽培因素对甘蓝型杂交油菜油品质及稳定性的影响。[方法]利用已有的研究资料和笔者的试验研究资料进行统计分析。[结果]播期对甘蓝型杂交油菜油品质和稳定性没有明显影响；密度与18碳脂肪酸总量、不饱和脂肪酸总量、亚油酸与亚麻酸之和、不饱和指数均为正相关，增加密度可改善油的品质，降低油的稳定性；氮肥与亚油酸与亚麻酸之和、不饱和指数均呈显著正相关，增施氮肥，可增加亚油酸与亚麻酸总量，同时降低了油的稳定性；磷肥与不饱和脂肪酸总量、亚油酸与亚麻酸之和、不饱和指数均呈负相关，增施磷肥，降低不饱和脂肪酸总量、亚油酸与亚麻酸总量，增加油的稳定性；钾肥与18碳脂肪酸总量、不饱和脂肪酸总量分别呈显著和不显著正相关、与亚油酸和亚麻酸之和呈负相关。含油率与18碳脂肪酸总量、不饱和脂肪酸总量均呈极显著正相关，与亚油酸与亚麻酸之和呈负相关，与不饱和指数的相关性极小。[结论]明确了播期、密度、施氮量、施磷量、施钾量5个主要栽培因素对甘蓝型杂交油菜油品质及稳定性的影响，含油率与18碳脂肪酸总量、不饱和脂肪酸总量、亚油酸与亚麻酸之和、不饱和指数的相关性。