花生辐照杀虫防霉工艺剂量确定

摘要

The bulk peanuts were used as the materials. After γ-ray irradiation of different doses, the peanuts were stored up at room temperature, and the degree of pest infection and gradient of mould infection were observed regularly. The results showed that insects began to appear in the unirradiated peanuts in 2 months, while after 4 months, the pest infection rate increased with the prolonged storage time, and the pest infection rate reached up to 58%-100% after 6 months of storage. However, the irradiated peanuts did not suffer from the pest infection throughout the storage. The unirradiated peanuts were contaminated by moulds after three months of storage, while the peanuts with an irradiation dose of 0.3 -0.5 kGy were mildewed after 6 months of storage, while those with an irradiation dose of 1.0, 4.0 kGy had no mould after 12 months of storage. Combined with relevant international and national standards as wel as the findings of scholars at home and abroad, the minimum effective irradiation dose for insect disinfestations of peanuts was 0.3 kGy, and the minimum effective irradiation dose for mildew control was 1.0 kGy, while the maximum tolerance dose was 4.0 kGy.%以散装花生为材料，经不同剂量的γ射线辐照处理后在室温下贮藏，定期观察害虫侵染程度及霉菌感染程度。结果表明：未经辐照的花生贮存2个月开始生虫，贮存4个月害虫侵染率随贮存时间延长而提高，贮存6个月时害虫侵染率达58%～100%，经辐照处理的花生始终未受害虫侵染。未经辐照的花生贮存3个月后出现霉变，辐照剂量为0.3～0.5 kGy的花生贮存6个月后出现霉变，辐照剂量为1.0、4.0 kGy的花生在辐照后12个月内都未发生霉变。结合相关国际、国内标准以及国内外学者的研究结果，确定花生辐照杀虫的最低有效剂量为0.3 kGy，辐照防霉最低有效剂量为1.0 kGy，最高耐受剂量为4.0 kGy。