短时间冰冻低温处理对桃芽自然休眠解除的影响

摘要

Objective] This study aimed to investigate the endodormancy release in nectarine bud treated by short-term freezing. [Method] Through short-term freezing at seven different temperatures for three different periods on bud, the livability, burst, ratio of free water to bound water and membrane permeability of ‘Shuguang’ nec-tarine bud were studied. [Result] On November 10, compared with non-freezing treatment (CK), the bud burst, ratio of free water to bound water and membrane permeability treated by freezing at -5 and -8 ℃ were almost the same as CK. But the rest freezing treatments advanced the date of endodormancy release, while the bud burst, ratio of free water to bound water and membrane permeability were high-er than CK. on November 20 and 30, the effects of the freezing treatment on en-dodormancy release were the same when the treatment on November 10, and the effect was better as the treatment was later. [Conclusion] The correlation of the rate of bud burst, ratio of free water to bound water, and membrane permeability of the different freezing treatments indicated that the change from bound water to free wa-ter and the increase of membrane permeability were probably the signal of endodor-mancy release.%[目的]研究了短时间冰冻低温处理对桃芽自然休眠解除的影响。[方法]以七年生曙光油桃为试材，研究了七个温度梯度三个时间处理冰冻低温对花芽和叶芽的存活率、萌芽级数、自由水/束缚水比值和膜透性的影响，并探讨短时间冰冻低温处理对桃芽自然休眠的调控效应。[结果]11月10日-5℃、-8℃低温处理对桃芽自然休眠的调控效应不明显，萌芽率、束缚水/自由水比值及相对电导度均变化不明显；其余低温处理对桃芽自然休眠呈正调控效应，其萌芽级数、自由水/束缚水比值和相对电导度与对照相比明显升高。11月20日和11月30日低温处理的效果与11月10日类似，只是处理时期越晚对桃芽自然休眠的调控效应越明显。[结论]不同低温处理的萌芽级数、自由水/束缚水比值和膜透性的变化表明：短时间冰冻处理可有效解除芽休眠，并显著促进了水分由束缚态向自由态的转变以及膜透性的增加。