施氮对不同氮效率玉米籽粒灌浆的影响

摘要

不同的玉米品种在吸收利用氮效率方面存在着显著差异，因此确定不同品种玉米的氮效率很有必要。玉米施氮后的生长效果可以在籽粒灌浆期表现出来。很多学者在对于相同的施氮条件下不同玉米品种间的灌浆特性差异方面做出了不少研究，然而对于不同施氮条件下的灌浆特性差异却鲜有报道。本试验通过观察玉米灌浆动态，旨在确定不同玉米品种氮效率差异的基础上，比较品种间的灌浆特性差异。试验于2013年5月1日～10月7日进行，在大田条件下，以‘屯玉99’、‘潞玉19’、‘潞玉19’为材料，对不同供氮水平 N0、N1、N2（施纯氮量分别为0、140、210 kg/hm2）下春玉米顶部、中下部籽粒的灌浆动态进行研究。结果表明，‘屯玉99’籽粒鲜重、干重表现为 N2＞N1＞N0，‘潞玉19’表现为 N1＞N2＞N0，‘潞玉19’表现为施氮（N1、N2）＞无氮（N0），其中 N1、 N2间差别不大。 N1条件下的‘潞玉19’发育优势最为显著，其次是 N2条件下的‘屯玉99’，N1、N2条件下的‘潞玉19’优势最不明显。施氮对顶部籽粒发育的促进作用明显高于中下部籽粒。%There are significant differences in nitrogen absorption and utilization effi-ciency among different maize varieties. So it is very essential to determine nitrogen efficiencies of different maize varieties. The effect of nitrogen application on maize growth can be reflected at the grain fil ing stage. Many scholars have researched the differences in grain fil ing characteristics among different maize varieties under the same nitrogen application conditions, but there are rare reports on the differ-ences under different nitrogen application conditions. ln this study, the grain fil ing dynamics of maize were observed so as to determine the differences in nitrogen efficiency and to further compare the differences in grain fil ing characteristics a-mong different maize varieties. The test was carried out with Tunyu 99, Luyu 19 and Xianyu 335 as the materials during May 1st to October 7th, 2013. Under the nitrogen application levels of N0 (0 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen), N1 (140 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen) and N2 (210 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen), the fil ing dynamics of upper-and middle- lower-part grains of spring maize were studied. The results showed that among the three nitrogen application level, the grain fresh weight and dry weight of Tunyu 99 ranked as N2>N1>N0; the grain fresh weight and dry weight of Luyu 19 ranked as N1>N2>N0; the grain fresh weight and dry weight of Xianyu 335 ranked as (N1, N2)>N0, and there was no significant difference between N1 and N2. Un-der the nitrogen application level of N1, Luyu 19 showed the best growth; under the nitrogen application level of N2, Tunyu 99 showed the best growth. The growth ad-vantage of Xianyu 335 was unobvious under neither N1 nor N2 nitrogen application levels. The development-promoting effect of nitrogen application was more obvious in upper-part grains than that in middle-lower-part grains.