南充市应用生物导弹防治玉米螟效果和效益研究

摘要

为了推进"绿色植保"，减少农药用量及残留和环境污染与防治成本，确保玉米生产、品质和生态环境安全，促进玉米增产增收，采用灯下诱蛾和田间剥查与试验示范相结合等方法，开展生物导弹防治玉米螟效果和效益研究。结果表明，每公顷投放生物导弹30~37对，平均防效78.0%，防治成本139.50~172.50元，比化学农药防治少142.50~168.00元，玉米产量比空白对照区平均高817.8 kg，增产11.0%，增加产值1799.16元，增收节支1941.66~1967.16元。2003~2014年累计示范推广24507.33 hm2，增产2004.21万 kg，新增产值4409.26万元，节省防治费用349.23~411.72万元，增收节支4758.49~4820.98万元，减少农药5%杀虫双大粒剂551.41 t或90%杀虫单使用12.87 t。且生物导弹使用简便，劳动强度小，适于老、弱、妇、幼操作，对人畜和环境安全，节省药械和用水，是有机农业、现代农业、绿色和无公害农产品及IBM绿色防控示范园区防治玉米螟、减少化学农药的理想替代产品。%In order to promote "green plant protection", reduce the administration dosage and residue of pesticides and control cost of environment pol ution, and im-prove maize production, quality and agricultural ecological environment safety. In this study, the control effect and benefit of bio-guide wasp virus missile (BGWVM) on Ostrinia furnacalis in Nanchong City was investigated by using insect light traps and combined method of field investigation and experimental demonstration. According to the results, applying 30-37 pairs of BGWVM per hectare exhibited an average con-trol efficiency of 78.0%, and the control cost was 139.50-172.50 CNY/hm2, which was reduced by 142.50-168.00 CNY/hm2 compared with conventional chemical con-trol. Average maize yield in BGWVM demonstration plot was 817.8 kg/hm2 higher and improved by 11.0% compared with blank control plot. The output value was improved by 1 799.16 CNY/hm2 and the revenue increased by 1 941.66-1 967.16 CNY/hm2. During 2003-2014, the cumulative demonstration and popularization area of BGWVM technique in Nanchong City had reached 24 507.33 hm2, and the cu-mulative yield increment reached 20.042 1 mil ion kg. BGWVM application improved total output value by 44.092 6 mil ion CNY and saved control cost by 3.492 3-4.117 2 mil ion CNY, thus increasing the revenue by 47.584 9-48.209 8 mil ion CNY. BGWVM application reduced 551.41 t of 5% dimehypo GG or 12.87 t of 90%monosultap WP. In addition, BGWVM technique is simple to use, labor-saving and safe for human, animals, environment and crops, with significant economic, ecologi-cal and social benefits and without any side effect, which has become an ideal sub-stitute for control ing O. furnacalis and reducing chemical pesticides in organic agri-culture industry, modern agriculture industry, production of green and pol ution-free agricultural products and IBM prevention and control demonstration gardens.