烤烟自育高钾新品系农艺性状和化学成分的杂种优势分析

摘要

对烤烟自育高钾新品系F1农艺性状和化学成分优势的研究表明,移栽后第4～5周是农艺性状优势发生变化的主要时期;F1正向显著优势组合所占比例,与对照优势相比,株高(97.92％)、节距(100％)、茎围(58.33％)的较大,上部叶总氮(8333％)、蛋白质(79.17％)、烟碱(79.17％)和钾(95.83％)的较大,中部叶总糖(64.58％)、总氮(68.75％)、蛋白质(72.92％)、烟碱(64.58％)的较大,下部叶除氯的较小外(12.50％),其他化学成分的均超过了40％;与平均优势相比,株高(54.17％)、叶宽(43.75％)、茎围(43.75％)和节距(72.92％)的较大,上部叶总糖(47.92％)和还原糖(54.17％)的较大,中部叶所有化学成分的均超过了30％,下部叶在27.08％～41.67％;与超亲优势相比,节距的较大(60.42％),上部叶的在8.33％～29.17％,中部叶的在20.83％ ～39.58％,下部叶的在16.67％～35.42％.有效地控制好这个敏感时期的水肥等对突出优势有更显著的作用.%F1 heterosis of agronomic characters and chemical components of 8 fluecured tobacco varieties and 6 self-bred high-potassium new lines was studied.The results showed that 4-5 weeks after transplanting was the main changing period of agronomic traits.Compared with the comparative heterosis,among the proportions of combinations showing positive comparative heterosis at the significant level,the heterosis proportions of plant height (97.92％),internode length (100％) and stem girth (58.33％) were larger,these of total nitrogen (83.33％),protein (79.17％),nicotine (79.17％) and potassium (95.83％) in upper leaves were larger,these of total sugar (64.58％),total nitrogen (68.75％),protein (72.92％) and nicotine (64.58％) in middle leaves were larger,and in lower leaves,except that the proportion of chlorine was smaller (12.50％),the proportions of other chemical components all exceeded 40％.Compared with average heterosis,among the proportions of combinations showing positive comparative heterosis at the significant level,the heterosis proportions of plant height (54.17％),leaf width (43.75％),stem girth (43.75％) and internode length (72.92％) were larger,these of total sugar (47.92％) and reducing sugar (54.17％) in upper leaves were larger,these of all the chemical components in middle leaves exceeded 30％,and these of all the chemical components in lower leaves were in the range of 27.08％-41.67％.Compared with heterobeltiosis,among the proportions of combinations showing positive comparative heterosis at the significant level,that of the internode length (60.42％) was larger,these of chemical components in upper leaves were in the range of 8.33％-29.17％,these of chemical components in middle leaves were in the range of 20.83％-39.58％,and these of chemical components in lower leaves were in the range of 16.67％-35.42％.It was indicated that rational effective control of water and fertilizer in this sensitive period could significantly enhance heterosis.