半干旱区玉米根域集雨种植模式下的施肥效应研究

摘要

In order to consummate the root-zone rainfall micro-collecting planting pattern of maize in semi-arid re-gion and utilize water and fertilizer coupling,four levels of fertilizations were set up,namely high level (H:1 279 kg· hm -2),middle level (M:919 kg·hm -2),low level (L:460 kg·hm -2),and no fertilization (CK:the control),to in-vestigate the effects on production,nutrients utilization rate and the fertilizer partial factor productivity of maize.The re-sults showed that the production of maize was enhanced with the increase of fertilizer rate,from 4.70% to 39.48%. Compared with the control,the absorptive amounts of N and P by fertilization were increased,up to 101 .51%.With the increase of fertilization,the nutrients utilization rates changed in a parabolic pattern,whereas soil nutrient contribution rates and the fertilizer partial factor productivity both tended to be decreased.Based on the analyses of economic yields and fertilizer input costs,the middle level fertilization (N:300 kg·hm -2 and P2O5:150 kg·hm -2)sounded an appro-priate approach under the root-zone water micro-collecting planting pattern in the semi-arid region.%为集成完善旱作农田根域集雨种植技术，实现水肥耦合叠加效应，本研究设置了4种化肥施用量梯度，即高（H：1279 kg·hm －2）、中（M：919 kg·hm －2）、低（L：460 kg·hm －2）和不施肥（CK），对不同处理条件下的春玉米产量、养分利用效率及化肥偏生产力进行了研究。结果表明，随着施肥量的增加，春玉米产量显著提高，提高幅度4．70％～39．48％。与不施肥 CK 处理相比，施肥处理增加了玉米植株对氮素和磷素的吸收量，最高增幅可达101．51％。养分利用率随着施肥量的增加呈抛物线型变化。土壤养分贡献率和化肥偏生产力随着施肥量的增加均呈降低趋势，综合经济产量和化肥投入成本分析，在试验区域根域集雨种植模式下中量施肥较适，即每公顷纯 N 施用300 kg、P2O5施用150 kg 左右。