棉粕腐植酸肥对土壤团聚体、酶及养分的影响

摘要

A field experiment was conducted to identify the effect of cottonseed meal,a water-soluble humic acid fertilizer,on soil aggregates,enzymes and nutrients.Spring 38 was used as the test wheat variety,and three treatments-CK,equal nutrients compound fertilizer and equal nutrients cottonseed meal humic acid compound fertilizerwere designed in the experiment.The results are as follows.Compared with CK,in the treatment of humic acid fertilizer,percentage composition of soil aggregates at different levels transferred to aggregates (2 ～ 0.25 mm and ＞ 2 mm),soil urease activity,the activity of catalase and alkaline phosphatase increased significantly,and there was no significant difference in sucrase activity.Humic acid compound fertilizer increased the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available potassium and available phosphorus content at 0 ～ 20 cm soil layer by 37.27 ％,37.02 ％ and 42.24 ％ respectively in the whole growth stage.And it increased the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available potassium and available phosphorus content at 20～ 40 cm soil layer by 15.55％,57.36％ and 61.52％ respectively.Compared with equal nutrients compound fertilizer,equal nutrients cottonseed meal humic acid compound fertilizer transferred percentage composition of soil aggregates at different levels to aggregates (2 ～ 0.25 mm and ＞ 2 mm),improved the activity of soil urease,catalase and alkaline phosphatase,and them was no significant difference in sucrose activity.Compared with equal nutrients compound fertilizer,humic acid compound fertilizer increased the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen by 5.92％,available potassium by 4.29 ％ and available phosphorus by 8.8 ％ at 0 ～ 20 cm soil layer,and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen by 1.9％,available phosphorus by 15.39％,available potassium by 8％ at 20 ～ 40 cm soil layer in the whole growth stage.%采用田间试验方法,以小麦新春38号作为供试品种,设置3个处理:空白对照、等养分复合肥和等养分棉粕腐植酸复合肥,研究了棉粕开发的腐植酸水溶性肥料对土壤团聚体、酶和养分的影响.结果表明:与不施肥处理相比较,腐植酸肥处理使土壤团聚体含量向2～0.25 mm和＞2 mm粒级有显著转移;土壤脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著提高,对蔗糖酶活性差异不明显;可显著提高碱解氮、速效钾和有效磷含量,腐植酸肥处理能平均提高全生育期0～～20 cm 土层碱解氮37.27％、速效磷42.24％、速效钾37.02％,20～40 cm土层碱解氮提高15.55％、速效磷提高61.52％、速效钾提高57.36％.与等养分复合肥处理相比,腐植酸肥处理使不同土层土壤团聚体百分含量向2～0.25 mm和＞2 mm粒级均有转移;前期抑制土壤脲酶活性,后期提高壤脲酶活性,提高过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性,蔗糖酶活性差异不明显;可提高土壤中碱解氮含量,显著提高速效钾和速效磷含量,腐植酸肥处理可平均提高全生育期0～20 cm土层碱解氮5.92％、速效磷8.8％、速效钾4.29％,20～40 cm土层碱解氮提高1.9％、速效磷提高15.39％、速效钾提高8％.