菌肥与有机肥配施对拱棚西瓜土壤的改良效果

摘要

针对宁夏半干旱农区地力薄弱、西瓜连作土壤障碍等问题,通过田间试验和室内分析,研究了不同有机肥和菌肥配施对拱棚西瓜土壤质量的影响.结果表明:有机肥配施菌肥有利于降低耕层土壤容重,增加田间持水量,改善土壤孔隙状况,并显著降低土壤pU值,尤其生物有机肥配施菌肥和豆饼粉配施菌肥使表层土壤的pH比CK分别下降5.66％ ～9.45％和2.24％ ～2.54％.施用生物有机肥能显著增加土壤有机质和速效氮磷钾含量,相应提高土壤水溶性盐含量,表层土壤中养分平均增幅为有机质84.98％,碱解氮68.05％,速效磷586.11％和速效钾80.11％.施用有机肥和菌肥能显著提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,其中生物有机肥配施菌肥的表层土壤分别提高了180.00％ ～ 220.00％、467.80 ～ 703.39％、190.91～245.45％和18.46％ ～ 21.80％,豆饼粉配施菌肥分别提高90.00％ ～ 150.00％、154.24％ ～ 174.58％、0.00％ ～ 163.64％和19.30％～20.97％.有机肥配施菌肥有利于增加土壤细菌和放线菌数量,降低真菌数量,生物有机肥配施菌肥和豆饼粉配施菌肥的表层土壤细菌数量增幅分别为303.92％ ～ 339.23％和135.29％～203.92％,放线菌增幅分别为225.00％～270.00％和30.00％～92.50％,真菌降幅分别为54.12％～56.47％和44.71％ ～45.88％.通过比较,各施肥处理以生物有机肥配施解淀粉芽孢杆菌为改良培肥瓜田土壤的最优配施方案.%In order to solve the major problems such as poor soil fertility,soil obstacles from continuous watermelon cultivation in semi-arid area in Ningxia,a field experiment was carried out to study the effect of microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer on soil quality with watermelon planted in the plastic shed.The results showed that,compared with CK,organic fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer could reduce the soil bulk density and soil pH,increase soil field capacity and soil porosity.In particular,surface soil pH values of B + M treatment (biological organic fertilizer cooperated with microbial fertilizer) and S + M treatment (soybean cake powder cooperated with microbial fertilizer) were reduced by 5.66％ ～9.45％ and 2.24％ ～2.54％ respectively,compared with CK.The content of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was increased by 84.98％,68.05 ％,586.11％ and 80.11％,respectively,and soil salt was also increased in biological organic fertilizer.The activity of soil urease,sucrase,alkaline phosphatase and catalase was enhanced by 180.00％ ～ 220.00％,467.80％ ～ 703.39％,190.91％ ～ 245.45％ and 18.46％ ～ 21.80％,respectively,in B+ M treatment,and 90.00％ ～ 150.00％,154.24％ ～ 174.58％,0.00％ ～ 163.64％ and 19.30％ ～ 20.97％,respectively,in S + M treatment.The organic fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer could significantly increase the quantity of soil bacterium and actinomycete,but decrease the quantity of fungus.The soil bac terium of B + M and S + M treatments was increased by 303.92％ ～ 339.23％ and 135.29％ ～ 203.92％.The quantity of actinomycete was increased by 225.00％ ～ 270.00％ and 30.00％ ～ 92.50％ and the fungus was decreased by 54.12％ ～ 56.47％ and 44.71％ ～ 45.88％,respectively.Based on these results,the best measures for soil quality improvement in watermelon field was biological organic fertilizer combined with the microbial fertilizer of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.