不同材质地膜覆盖对花生产量品质的影响及防风蚀效果研究

摘要

2013-2014年在辽宁省阜新蒙古族自治县平安地镇土城子村试验基地,采用普通白膜、黑色地膜、液态膜三种不同材质地膜覆盖,以裸地为对照,研究不同材质地膜对花生产量品质的影响及防风蚀效果.试验结果表明,覆盖地膜的花生产量均比裸地有所提高,增产幅度为黑膜＞白膜＞液态膜.从花生品质来看,四种处理方式的花生粗脂肪含量、粗蛋白含量和油/亚比差异均不显著(P＞0.05),但覆盖黑膜的花生油酸和亚油酸含量均最高,液态膜和白膜次之,不同材质地膜与裸地花生差异均达到了显著水平(P＜0.05).覆盖液态膜的花生地土壤含水量始终最高,积沙量在各时期均最小;其次为白膜和黑膜;裸地种植的花生土壤含水量最低,积沙量始终最大.因此,地膜覆盖栽培是花生高产、防风蚀的有效技术措施.%A field trial was carried out in Tuchengzi Village,Ping'andi Town,Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County of Liaoning Province in 2013-2014 to study the effects of film with differem materials,including liquid film,black film and white film with bare land as control,on production and quality of peanut and wind erosion prevention.The results showed that the peanut yields under different film mulching were all increased compared with the control,and the increase rate was sequenced as:black film ＞ white film ＞ liquid film.In respect of peanut quality,the differences of crude fat content,crude protein content and oleic acid/linoleic acid (O/L) ratio in peanut were not significant (P ＞ 0.05).However,the content of oleic acid and linoleic acid of peanut under black film was the highest,followed by liquid film and white film,and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05) between all these three films and the control.The soil moisture content covered with liquid film was always the highest and the amount of sand accumulation was the lowest,followed by liquid film and white film,while the soil moisture content in bare land was the lowest and the amount of sand accumulation was the highest.In conclusion,film mulching cultivation is an effective technical measure in getting high yield of peanut and preventing wind erosion.