大气低能见度的影响因子分析及计算方法综述

摘要

Atmospheric low visibility events are commonly caused by special meteorological processes, such as fog, haze, rain, snow, and dust storm. With rapid urbanization and increasing pollutant emission, visibility could be further degraded;and this has become a pervasive and urgent environmental problem in China. Regarding ifrstly the current pollution status in our country and corresponding researches both at home and abroad, then the research work is done to illustrate the theoretical calculation of atmospheric extinction, along with main inlfuence factors of the low visibility. Moreover, the progress and the corresponding advantages and disadvantages of extinction estimation methods are summarized and discussed. Consequently, some specific suggestions are proposed for future visibility monitoring and research in China.%大气低能见度事件一般指的是雾、霾、雨、雪以及沙尘暴等天气过程所引起的能见度破坏现象。由于城市化的快速发展和污染物排放的急剧增加，高浓度的气溶胶污染也会导致低能见度现象，这已成为当前中国大部分地区普遍面临的重要大气环境问题之一。从国内的污染现状入手，并结合国内外的相关研究，对大气消光的理论计算和低能见度的主要影响因子进行了具体阐述。此外，还就大气消光计算方法的研究进展及其优缺点予以了总结和讨论。最后，对未来中国能见度的监测及研究工作等提出了一些具体的建议。