石墨烯是近年来发现的由单层碳原子通过共价键结合而成的具有规则六方对称的理想二维晶体,是继富勒烯和碳纳米管之后的又一种新型低维碳材料.由于具有非凡的电学、热学和力学性能以及广阔的应用前景,石墨烯被认为是具有战略意义的新材料,近年来迅速成为材料科学和凝聚态物理等领域最为活跃的研究前沿.本文简要介绍了研究石墨烯力学性能的实验测试、数值模拟和理论分析方法,重点综述了石墨烯力学性能的最新研究进展,主要包括二维石墨烯的不平整性和稳定性,石墨烯的杨氏模量、强度等基本力学性能参数的预测,石墨烯力学性能的温度相关性和应变率相关性、原子尺度缺陷和掺杂等对力学性能的影响以及石墨烯在纳米增强复合材料和微纳电子器件等领域的应用,最后对石墨烯材料与结构的力学研究进行了展望.%Graphene has attracted great interest in the fields of materials science and condensed-matter physics due to its unique 2D crystal structure and its exceptionally high crystal and electronic quality. In fact,this strictly 2D carbon material also exhibits exceptional mechanical properties-including high strength, high stiffness and structural perfection-which could be comparable to that of carbon nanotubes. Recently much effort has been dedicated to the understanding of mechanical behaviors and properties of graphene. However,predicting the mechanical properties of graphene, especially by experimental methods, is still a tough challenge because of its special and tiny structures. In this paper, we critically review recent advances in the study on mechanical properties of graphene from experimental instigation, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, respectivaly. We focus on the following six aspects: (1) the experimental techniques and compatational approaches most often used for studying the mechanical properties of graphene, (2) the roughness and intrinsic ripples in graphene, (3) the exploration of mechanical properties such as Young's modulus, tensile and compressive strengths and bending characteristics. (4) size, temperature and strain-rate dependent mechanical behavior of graphene under tension, (5) effect of atom-scale defects and doped atoms on the mechanical behavior of graphene, and (6) the application of graphene to nanocomposites and micro/nano electrical devices. Perspective is finally given for future development of mechanics analysis of graphene and graphene-based nanostructures.
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