肌红蛋白的代谢及其在心血管系统中的作用

摘要

肌红蛋白是一种低分子蛋白质,作为心脏的非特异性标志物,在心肌梗死后迅速释放入血,不仅在心肌梗死及再梗死中扮演着重要角色,而且在骨骼肌疾病、肺栓塞、机体抗氧化防御、肾衰竭、心肌缺血再灌注、控制一氧化氮的动态平衡、氧气的储存和释放中也起着重要作用.到目前为止,肌红蛋白是唯一一个被用作诊断急性心肌梗死超急性期的标志物,最近的研究表明在亚硝酸盐的诱导下能减少缺血再灌注的损伤面积,改善小鼠心脏的功能;亚硝酸盐这种功能是在肌红蛋白存在时而发挥作用的.在敲除肌红蛋白基因小鼠的研究中表明,肌红蛋白介导的一氧化氮的形成具有抑制心肌梗死和改善左心室的作用.现主要探讨肌红蛋白的生理功能及其在心血管中的作用.%Myoglobin is a low molecular weight protein.As the non-specific marker of heart,it rapidly released into the blood after myocardial infarction.It play an important role not only in the myocardial infarction and reinfarction,but also in the skeletal muscle disease,pulmonary embolism,the body''s antioxidant defense,renal failure,myocardial ischemia and reperfusion,the control of nitric oxide homeostasis,oxygen storage and release.Myoglobin nitric oxide reductase enzymes also have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system.So far,myoglobin is the only marker which is used as a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in superacute period.rnRecent studies have shown that in the induction of nitrite can reduce the area of ischemia-reperfusion injury and improve the function of cardiac in mice,and these function sometimes play a role in the presence of myoglobin.In myoglobin knockout mouse,studies have shown that the formation of myoglobin-mediated nitric oxide inhibite myocardial infarction and improve the left ventricular function.This paper discusses the physiological function of myoglobin and its role in the cardiovascular system.