Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) greatly limit the aquaculture development in China. In this study, 194 strains of bacteria were identified with an improved boiling method for DNA extraction. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was applied to detect the antibiotic resistance genes of florfenicol {floR) , two sulfonamide (sul1 and sul2) , streptomycin {str) , trimethoprim (dfrA20) in 139 bacterial strains. It showed that 194 strains were identified as 62 different species, mainly Lysine Bacillus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Aeromonas media, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria, Bacillus cereus, Citrobacter freundii, Chryseobacterium ureilyticum, Pseudoalleromonas whanghaensis, Vibrio cholerae and so on. ARGs of floR, sul1, sul2, str and dfrA20 in 139 strains were detected with positive rate of 11. 51% , 20. 86% , 12. 23% , 10. 07% and 2. 88% , respectively. The results showed that antibiotic resistance genes could be the potential emerging pollutants in aquaculture organisms and aquatic environment.%抗生素抗性基因(Antibiotic Resistance Genes,ARGs)作为一种新型环境污染物,极大地限制了我国水产养殖业的发展.采用改进的煮沸法,设计快速提取DNA的方法,鉴定194株水产养殖生物和养殖环境中革兰氏阴性菌和阳性菌.选取其中的139株细菌,采用PCR方法研究氟氯霉素抗性基因(floR)、2种磺胺类抗性基因(sul1、sul2)、链霉素抗性基因(str)及甲氧苄啶抗性基因(dfrA20)的存在情况.结果表明,鉴定的194株菌株属于62种不同种属,主要以赖氨酸芽孢杆菌、副溶血性弧菌、中间气单胞菌、嗜水气单胞菌、温和气单胞菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌、金黄杆菌、假交替单胞菌、霍乱弧菌为主.139株细菌中floR、sul1、sul2、str、dfrA20检测结果呈阳性的分别占11.51％、20.86％、12.23％、10.07％、2.88％,表明水产养殖生物和养殖环境中存在不同程度的抗生素污染.
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