药用植物柽柳内生真菌分离及其抑菌活性初步研究

摘要

为探明药用植物柽柳内生真菌资源的多样性及其抑菌活性特征,通过组织块法对内生真菌进行了分离,并选择小麦全蚀病菌、枸杞黑果病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌、黄瓜立枯病菌5种植物病原真菌和枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌4种细菌作为指示菌,采用对峙法和改进的菌块法测定其抑菌活性.结果显示,从柽柳不同组织器官中分离出18株内生真菌,茎部最多,根部次之,叶部最少；经形态学初步分类鉴定归于2个目,3个科,7个属；有11株菌对2种或多种植物病原真菌有不同程度的抑制作用,占菌株总数的61.1％,有8株内生真菌只对金黄色葡萄球菌具有明显抑制作用,占分离菌株总数的44.4％；活性内生真菌菌株TCEFL001分别对枸杞黑果病菌、小麦全蚀病菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌具有明显抑制作用,属于组丝核菌属.药用植物柽柳具有较为丰富的内生真菌资源,其开发和利用值得进一步探究.%To explore the resource diversity and microbial inhibition activity of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Tamarix chinensis,endophytic fungi were isolated from root,stem,and leaf of the host by tissue inoculation culture.Five pathogenic fungi and four bacterial strains were used as indicators to test microbial inhibition activity by agar plate antagonistic action and modified agar gel diffusion.Eighteen endophytic fungal strains were isolated:most from the stems and least from the leaves.The isolated strains were divided into seven genera,three families,and two orders based on morphological characteristics.Among the isolates,eleven strains (61.1％ of the total isolated) were found to have some microbial inhibition activities against two or more pathogenic fungi,eight strains (44.4％) had evident inhibition activity against Staphylococcus aureus with strain TCEFL001 showing evident antifungal and antibacterial activities against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici and S.aureus,belonging to Phacodium sp.The medicinal plant Tamarix chinensis is a good endophytic fungal resource,which is worth further study for its development and application.