草农结合的经济效益研究--基于短期生产理论分析

摘要

草农结合是一种充分利用农田资源和提高复种指数的种植模式，在我国积极调整农业结构的背景下，草农结合的“投入－产出”研究对该种植模式的农业推广工作有重要的意义。本文主要运用经济学中的短期生产理论作为研究模型，从边际产量角度出发，利用边际收益递减的规律，对传统粮食作物单作以及草农结合两种种植模式进行具体比较和分析。分析得出：草农结合的种植模式具有明显优势，通过改变可变要素的投入种类，可以避免仅有单一可变要素时粮食边际产量不断下降为负所带来的总产量降低的不利影响；同时可恢复土地肥力、提高粮食作物的产量，进而提高农牧民经济收益。另一方面，对土地资源的充分利用、农区水土保持以及畜牧业的发展等方面也有显著作用。因此，实施草农结合，有助于提高农民收益，更有助于农区生态环境的保护和生态效益的增长。%“Input-output”research of farming systems can assist the development of appropriate agricultural structures in China.Such analysis can assist grassland systems to optimize farmland resources and to make bet-ter use of the multiple cropping index.In this paper,we use economic theory’s short-term production model, focusing on the marginal product and the law of diminishing marginal returns,to systematically compare tradi-tional grain crops monoculture with grassland farming systems.Our analysis concludes that the grassland sys-tem has clear advantages.It can readily adjust variable factors,offsetting a single variable input in order to re-duce the adverse effects of negative marginal outputs and production.Grassland systems also have substantial effects on the recovery of soil fertility and increased crop output,thereby increasing actual economic benefits for farmers.They play a significant role in the optimal use of land resources,agricultural water and soil conser-vation and also the development of animal husbandry.In conclusion,grassland farming systems help to in-crease both farmer incomes and the ecological protection of agricultural environments.