稻农生产因素分析与发展对策研究——基于湖南、浙江两省565户稻农生产的调查

摘要

[Objective] The aim was to analyze economic benefits of rice farmers and influential factors in China.[Method] Based on data of rice production in 565 farm households in 2009,correlation analysis was conducted on characters of households,input/output of rice production,condition and environment of rice production,related policies and activities with SPSS.[Result] Yield per mu,production cost,and rice price were dominant factors influencing economic benefits of rice farmers; labor force in a household,training of rice cultivation,machine rice production and rice cropping had significant effects on benefits from rice production; area of rice,family education,on-time field management,site instruction,and demonstration fields all had insignificant effects on economic benefits of rice.In addition,suggestions were proposed about choice of production scale,implementation of rice policies,measures of subsidy,and purchase price of rice.[Conclusion] The research provides references for rice production and improvement of economic benefits of rice farmers.%[目的]分析中国稻农生产经济效益及其影响因素.[方法]以浙江、湖南两个省565户稻农2009年水稻生产实际数据为基础,利用SPSS统计分析软件对当前水稻生产的农户主体特征、水稻生产投入与产出、稻农生产条件与环境、水稻生产政策与行为的影响因素进行相关分析.[结果]水稻亩产量、生产成本与稻谷价格是影响影响稻农经济收益的3个最主要因素；家庭劳动力的多少、水稻生产技术的培训次数、稻农生产机械化程度的高低以及一年种植水稻的次数对水稻生产收益有显著影响；水稻生产面积的大小、户主文化程度、农户田间管理是否及时到位、农技人员现场指导次数与是否是示范田对水稻经济收益影响不显著.在分析结果的基础上,提出了稻农生产规模的选择、国家水稻政策落实、政策补助措施、补贴机制及稻谷收购价格等方面的意见与建议.[结论]该研究结果为我国水稻生产及提高稻农的生产经济效益提供了帮助.