研究了镓填充二氧化硅纳米管的电子束诱导的膨胀现象，确认微球系统中镓液体在电子束辐照下存在反常膨胀现象．首先分析了相关的实验过程和现象，指出此膨胀过程可以视为准静态过程；然后根据傅里叶热传导定律，在准静态热力学的框架下定量讨论了该系统在电子束辐照下微球中镓液体相对体积随温度变化规律，进一步确定系统的相对膨胀率和系统的膨胀系数，发现反常膨胀系数是正常热膨胀系数的5—9倍．最后指出这种反常膨胀是由系统的电离效应和残存效应共同引起的，两者造成系统的粒子数密度急剧增加，从而导致系统的内部压强急剧增加，产生体积反常膨胀．%Under electron-beam irradiation of heteroshape-heteroscale structure of silica-shelled Ga microball-nanotube, an abnormally large and fast volume expansion of liquid Ga is observed. First, we analyze the processes and phenomena about experiment, and the abnormal expansion process can be regarded as a quasi-static process. Then in the framework of quasi-static thermodynamics, according to the Fourier heat conduction law the relative volume variation with temperature is further quantitatively discussed, and the relative expansion rate and expansion coefficient in system are obtained. At the same time it is found that abnormal expansion coefficient of system under electron-beam irradiation is 5-9 times the general thermal expansion coefficient. Finally, it is pointed out that the abnormal expansion is due to the gallium atom ionization effect and the retention effect resulting from a few electrons retaining in the liquid gallium system under electron-beam irradiation. In essence, both ionization effect and the retention effect make the particle densities of liquid systems increased dramatically, resulting in volume expansion abnormally large and fast of liquid Ga.
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