Based on the chaos synchronization between two pairs of corresponding linear polarization modes in two 1550 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1550 nm-VCSELs) subject to optical injection of common chaotic signals, a novel bidirectional and dual-channel long-distance chaos secure communication system is proposed. The chaotic synchronization characteristics, bidirectional dual-channel communication performance, and the influences of the fiber channel on the message transmission are numerically investigated. Results show that, driven by a common chaotic signal generated from a driver VCSEL (D-VCSEL), two pairs of responding linear polarization modes in two response 1550nm-VCSELs (R-VCSELs) can be synchronized completely and isochronally. Meanwhile, the synchronization coefficients between the two pairs of responding linear polarization modes in D-VCSEL and R-VCSELs are low. Based on the high quality chaos synchronization between two pairs of responding linear modes in two R-VCSELs, bidirectional and dual-channel chaos secure communication can be achieved. After adopting a single mode polarization-maintaining fiber (or dispersion-shifted polarization-maintaining fiber), for 2.5 Gbit/s messages, the Q factor of the decryption signals after transmitting 60 km (or 200 km) can be more than 6.%基于同一混沌信号光注入下两个1550 nm垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSELs)中两对应线性偏振模式之间的混沌同步,提出了一种可实现信息的长距离双向双信道光纤混沌保密通信的系统模型,并对该系统的同步、双向双信道通信以及光纤信道对信息传输的影响等性能进行了相关仿真研究.结果表明：在由驱动混沌激光器所产生的同一混沌光注入下,两响应激光器中对应的两线偏振模式之间均可实现高质量的等时混沌同步,且驱动激光器与两响应激光器间的同步系数较低；基于两响应激光器之间对应线偏振模式的高质量混沌同步,可实现双向双信道混沌通信；采用单模保偏光纤(或色散位移保偏光纤)作为通信信道,2.5 Gbit/s信息在传输60 km (或200 km)后解调信息的Q因子能保持在6以上.
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