超快电子衍射技术及其应用∗

摘要

The real-time observation of atomic motion in space and time is of great importance for natural science research. Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) technique, which is equipped with both the high temporal resolution of femtosecond laser pulses and the high spatial resolution of electron diffraction, can provide an effective approach to study the structural change of matter in atomic scale. In this review, we make an introduction of the development history, experimental methods, related applications and future prospects of UED technique.%时间和空间上实时观测原子运动对于自然科学研究有着非常重大的意义，而超快电子衍射(UED)技术同时具备飞秒激光脉冲的高时间分辨特性和电子衍射技术的高空间特性，可以为实时观测原子级分辨尺度物质的结构变化提供一种有效工具。本文综述了超快电子衍射技术的发展历史、实验方法以及相关应用，并且展望了超快电子衍射技术未来的发展。