By the molecular structure design, the emulsifiers with the five-membered heterocyclic structure of imidazoline were synthesized through the reaction of organic acids containing steric hindrance groups and triethylenetetramine. During the synthesis of the emulsifier the online infrared spectrometer was used to track the characteristic absorption peak changes in the reaction system, with which the reaction kinetics about the synthesis was studied. The results showed that the reaction of amidation between organic acid and triethylenetetramine was fast-reaction, and the cyclization reaction was a second order reaction. The bitumen emulsifiers had satisfying surface activities with CMC less than 20×10-4 mol/L and the surface tension under 37 mN/m, with which the prepared bitumen emulsion was of even particles. The sterically hindered groups of emulsifier slowed the adsorption process of bitumen on materials, making the bitumen emulsion be a slow-breaking and quick-setting type of bitumen.%通过分子结构设计,选用含一定空间位阻基团的有机酸与三乙烯四胺进行环化反应,合成了含有2个氮原子的五元杂环结构的咪唑啉型沥青乳化剂.利用在线红外测试系统实时跟踪反应体系中特征吸收峰的强度变化,并根据监测数据进行动力学研究.结果表明,有机酸与多胺的酰胺化反应为快速反应,酰胺环化生成咪唑啉的反应为二级反应.合成的沥青乳化剂具有良好的表面活性,临界胶束浓度小于20×10-4 mol/L,在临界胶束浓度下表面张力低于37×10-3 N/m时,用其制备的乳化沥青颗粒均匀.沥青乳化剂的空间位阻效应的增加延缓了乳化沥青微粒在石料表面的吸附过程,所制备的乳化沥青为慢裂快凝型乳化沥青.
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