连作土壤微生物区系分析、调控及高通量研究方法

摘要

土壤连作后导致土壤微生物生态失衡、病原微生物富集、有益微生物减少,土壤微生物从细菌主导型向真菌主导型转化,使病原菌更容易侵染植物而引发植物的各种土传病害.施用微生物有机肥可以将失衡的微生物区系恢复到健康的状态,从而可以起到防治土传病害的作用.本文围绕连作引起的土壤中各大类微生物数量和种类的变化以及连作土壤施用微生物有机肥修复后其微生物数量和种类的变化进行了综述,并通过与传统技术比较,介绍了454高通量测序研究方法的优越性,指出了其在土壤微生物区系研究中的重要性.%Mono-cropping for years often leads to disbalance of the soil microbial ecology with soilborn pathogens enriched but the number as well as the species diversity of beneficial microorganisms decreased. As a result, the dominancy of soil microorganism community is shifting from bacteria to fungi, making the plants more susceptible to pathogen invasion and hence to various soil-borne diseases, such as Fusarium wilt. Application of bio-organic fertilizers can reconstruct the soil microbial community and suppress soil-borne diseases. A summary is presented of changes in populations and diversity of some major groups of microorganisms caused by years of mono-cropping and the effects of application of bio-organic fertilizer restoring the soil microbial community and an introduction is given to the advantages of 454 high-sequencing method as a powerful tool for analysis of microbial structure through its comparison with the traditional methods.