元蛋白质组学是近年出现的一种基于蛋白质组学对微生物群落进行研究的新技术,其定义为对特定环境的所有微生物蛋白质进行的即时的、大规模的分析.虽然目前对元蛋白质组学的研究还处在起步阶段,但是它已在特定环境的微生物研究中显现出其强大的功能.本文通过对目前元蛋白质组学常用研究策略和技术进行比较,概述土壤元蛋白质组的提取、纯化、分离与功能鉴定等方面的研究现状,并对土壤元蛋白质组学研究的意义进行了展望.土壤元蛋白质组学的发展深受提取方法的影响,现有的方法很难提供既可成功分离又易于鉴定的蛋白质,而土壤蛋白鉴定的主要问题在于土壤蛋白质含量低,通过质谱分析对蛋白质鉴定时缺乏足够的序列-数据库信息.一旦这些问题得以解决,土壤元蛋白质组学便能在土壤微生物生态功能研究方面得到更加广泛和深入的应用.%Metaproteomies is a recently popped up new technology that based on proteomics is used in the study on microbial communities. It is defined as an instant broad-scaled analysis of all kinds of microbial proteins in a given environment. Though the study of metaproteomies is still at its primary stage, the technology has displayed its powerful function in the study of microorganisms in a given biotope. This paper is to compare the strategies and techniques commonly used in the study of metaproteomies, summarize the status quo of the research on extraction, purification, isolation and functional identification of soil metaproteome, and look into future significance of the study of soil metaproteomies. The development of soil metaproteomies is influenced strongly by extraction methods, while the methods currently available can hardly supply proteins that can be successfully isolated and easily identified as well. What is more, the major problems in identifying proteins reside in the fact that soil is a poor source of proteins and that there is not enough sequence-database information for identification of proteins with mass spectrometry. Once these obstacles are solved, the soil metaproteomies can find broader and deeper application in the study on ecological functions of soil microbe.
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