南极菲尔德斯半岛可培养土壤微生物多样性及理化性质鉴定

摘要

In order to explore culturable microbial diversity,we separated bacteria and fungi from 5 different soil samples collected from the Fildes Peninsula during Chinese 31 th Antarctic Scientific Expedition.The bacteria and fungi with great morphological differences were chosen to identify by 16S rDNA and ITS sequence.A total of 33 strains of bacteria belong to 20 genera and 8 strains of fungi belong to 6 genera.Among them,there are 8 strains of bacteria and 10 strains of fungi with low similarity.So we suspected that they were potential novel species.The results suggested that there is a relatively rich microbial diversity in Fildes Peninsula of Antarcticand,the majority of bacteria was Pseudomonas sp.Biochemical identification and enzymatic activity of culturable bacteria and fungi demonstrated that most of microorganism can produce hydrolytic enzymes and assimilate multiple carbon sources, which also proved that they could participate in substance metabolism and play a role to adapt to extreme environ-ment of the Antarctic.This study enriched the soil culturable microbial diversity of Fildes Peninsula and some pro-ducing low temperature enzyme strains were screened,which may lay the foundation for resources utilization of po-lar microorganism.%为了探索南极可培养土壤微生物的多样性，本研究对中国第31次南极科学考察采集自南极菲尔德斯半岛的5份土壤样品进行了细菌、真菌的分离培养。选择形态差异较大的细菌和真菌进行了16S rDNA 和 ITS 鉴定及系统发育分析。最终共鉴定得到20个属的33株细菌和6个属的8株真菌，其中8株细菌，10株真菌序列相似性较低，可能是新种。该结果表明南极菲尔德斯半岛地区具有丰富的微生物多样性，其中假单胞菌属的细菌居多。对分离得到的细菌和真菌分别进行理化性质和胞外酶活性鉴定，实验结果显示，分离获得的细菌和真菌绝大多数可产生水解酶类并同化多种碳源。初步认定这些微生物在参与南极物质代谢、适应南极极端环境方面发挥作用。本研究丰富了对南极菲尔德斯半岛可培养土壤微生物多样性的认识，并筛选获得了一些产低温酶特性的菌株，这为极地微生物资源的利用研究奠定了基础。