聚合物纳米粒在肿瘤光动力治疗中的研究进展

摘要

Photodynamic therapy,characterized as a minimally invasive treatment,is clinically approved for cancer. Briefly,molecular oxygen which is toxic to caner cells is produced following photosensitizer administration and light irra-diation.However,most photosensitizers lack specificity for tumor cells and have poor solubility in aqueous media.Nano-technology applied at photodynamic therapy offers an efficient method to deliver photosensitizers to targeted cells in the body.Currently,polymeric nanoparticles are emerging as promissing nano vehicles in the literature.Due to high selec-tivity of nanocarrier transported to targeted tissues with therapeutic concentrations of photosensitizers within tumor cells, delivery of photosensitizer through nanoparticles offers a great opportunity to overcome photodynamic drawbacks.This re-view will elaborate several kinds of polymeric nanoparticles specific in cancer treatment,hoping to shed some lights on developments of targeted tumor therapy.%光动力治疗创伤小，在恶性肿瘤治疗方面的应用已经得到了临床认可。治疗过程中需要给予光敏剂，在光照下产生分子氧对肿瘤细胞产生杀伤作用。但是，大多数光敏剂缺乏对肿瘤细胞的特异性，其在肿瘤中的富集主要与细胞高代谢有关，并且在水相媒介中溶解度比较差。纳米技术应用于光动力治疗提供了一种有效地体内运输光敏剂的方式。目前，聚合物纳米粒与光动力药物传递的研究越来越多，光敏剂通过纳米粒的运输为弥补光动力治疗的不足提供了可能，这是因为纳米载体可以将治疗浓度的光敏剂运送到肿瘤细胞而不造成非靶向组织的副损伤。本文将介绍对肿瘤光动力治疗中具有特异性的聚合物纳米粒的种类及在临床中的应用情况，为肿瘤靶向治疗提供新思路。