两种常见海水鱼高温贮存过程中挥发性盐基氮和生物胺含量变化

摘要

棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)和龙头鱼(Harpodon nehereus)是我国沿海常见的两种小型海水鱼,常被作为水产动物饵料,也可被人类食用.研究检测了这两种鱼在30℃下贮存48h每隔6h的挥发性盐基氮(T-VBN)和9种生物胺(尸胺、腐胺、组胺、酪胺、5-羟色胺、亚精胺、精胺、多巴胺、章鱼胺)的含量变化,并对这两种鱼的T-VBN和生物胺含量与时间的相关性进行分析,为水产品类饵料安全投喂和人类食品安全提供基础资料.结果表明:两种鱼在相同贮存条件中T-VBN和生物胺含量均存在一定差异.T-VBN含量随着贮存时间的延长而逐渐增加,棘头梅童鱼T-VBN含量从0h的8.19 mg/100 g增加到48h的568.05 mg/100 g,龙头鱼从0h的13.16 mg/100 g增加到48h的361.34 mg/100 g,棘头梅童鱼增长值显著高于龙头鱼(P＜0.05).在30℃下,棘头梅童鱼和龙头鱼的T-VBN含量分别在10h和12h达到30 mg/100 g,因此,这两种鱼分别在l0h和12h后不推荐食用.在两种鱼的生物胺检测中,含量最高的4种依次是尸胺、腐胺、酪胺和组胺,且有随贮存时间延长含量显著增高的趋势(P＜0.05),并在42h内趋于稳定；但是,棘头梅童鱼中尸胺的含量显著高于龙头鱼(P＜0.05)；章鱼胺、5-羟色胺、亚精胺、精胺含量在两种鱼体内含量较低且均无明显变化(P＞0.05)；多巴胺在两种鱼体内均未检测到.这两种鱼体内T-VBN、腐胺、尸胺、组胺、酪胺含量与时间的相关性均极其显著(P＜0.01).%Collichthys lucidus and Harpodon nehereus are small fishes which are common in the coastal waters of China. They are often fed to aquatic animals, and are also food for human. In this study, total volatile basic nitro-gen(T-VBN)and nine biogenic amines (cadaverine, putrescine, histamine, tyramine, serotonin, spermidine, spermine, dopamine and octopamine) of C. Lucidus and H. Nehereus storage at 30 ℃ were examined in every 6h for 48h. The correlation analysis of the contents in T-VBN or biogenic amines with the storage time were also evaluated for these two species. The results showed that there were differences in the contents of biogenic amines and T-VBN in C. Lucidus and H. Nehereus. The content of T-VBN increased from 8.19 mg/100 g (0h) to 568.05 mg/100 g (48h) in C. Lucidus, and from 13.16 mg/100 g (0h) to 361.34 mg/100 g (48h) in H. Nehereus. The increase in the T-VBN content of C. Lucidus was significantly higher than that in H. Nehereus. The T-VBN contents of C. Lucidus and H. Nehereus exceeded the national edible standard of 30 mg/100 g after 10h and 12h respectively. Therefore these two species were not suitable to eat after 10h and 12h respectively. The highest contents of biogenic amines detected in these two species in order were cadaver ine, putrescine, tyramine and histamine. The contents of these four biogenic amines increased significantly with the extension of storage time (P<0.05) and kept stable after 42h. The content of cadaverine in C. Lucidus was significantly higher than that in H. Nehereus (P<0.05). The contents of octopamine, serotonin, spermidine and spermine were low. The changes of these amines were not significant in all times (P>0.05). Dopamine was not detected in these two species. The contents of T-VBN, cadaverine, putrescine, histamine and tyramine were found to correlate closely(P<0.01) with the storage time in these two species.