长江中下游三个湖泊中鳜消化道寄生蠕虫群落的组成与多样性

摘要

To study the effects of the trophic position of fish in food web on the structure and to examine the composition, richness, diversity in infracommunities of helminth communities in the alimentary tracts, the manda-rin fish Siniperca chuatsi were collected from three lakes in the flood plain of the Yangtze River, China. Eleven species of helminths were recorded from the three localities. The dominant species of communities in these three lakes was the trematode Dollfustrema vaneyi. 65 percent of individuals were infected with 1 or 2 parasite species, and the highest infection rate of parasite species was 6. Mean species richness and the Brillouin’s index in the three lakes were 1.53—2.13 and 0.12—0.33, respectively, with the highest Brillouin’s index in the Poyang Lake. The values of percentage similarity index and Jaccard’s similarity index between the Liangzi and Dongting lakes were the highest. Compared with the fish in different positions in food web, the richness and diversity of helminth infracommunities in alimentary tracts, the predatory mandarin fish S. chuatsi were dramatically higher than those of the herbivores and omnivores. In addition, the effects of feeding habit on the structure of parasites communities were discussed.%鱼类在食物网中的营养位置对其消化道寄生蠕虫的群落结构有重要作用。本研究调查了梁子湖、洞庭湖、鄱阳湖中鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)消化道寄生蠕虫群落的组成和多样性。在3个湖泊中共发现11种寄生蠕虫,优势种均为范尼道佛吸虫(Dollfustrema vaneyi),频率分布中感染有1—2种寄生虫的样本占65%,单个样本中最大物种数为6。3个湖泊中平均物种丰富度为1.53—2.13, Brillouin多样性指数为0.12—0.33,其中鄱阳湖中的多样性最高。梁子湖和洞庭湖之间的Jaccard相似度和百分比相似指数最高。通过比较食物网中不同营养位置鱼类的消化道寄生蠕虫群落结构,发现鳜的消化道寄生虫群落的物种丰富度与多样性水平都高于植食性和杂食性鱼类。研究还讨论了宿主食物组成对消化道寄生蠕虫群落结构的影响。