一种无需精密整平的抗差天文定位方法

摘要

针对传统天文定位需要将测量仪器精密整平，并且定位算法精度较低的问题，提出一种无需精密整平的抗差天文定位方法。首先根据二维倾角传感器的倾角测量值对天体位置观测值进行改正，然后在定位模型中加入天顶距改正量以减弱系统误差的影响，在参数解算时采用抗差估计的方法，以达到抑制粗差的影响和限制利用误差偏大的观测值的效果。经算例分析验证，只需将测量仪器概略整平，即可实现较高精度的天文定位。若使用星敏感器代替经纬仪进行天文导航定位，本方法将更具优势。%A robust celestial positioning method is proposed to resolve the problems with traditional method ,which requires precisely leveling and the accuracy of which is low .The position observations of celestial bodies are corrected according to the obliquity measured by two-dimensional gradienter ,then a zenith angle correction is added in the positioning model to reduce the influence of systematic errors ,and robust estimation is introduced to limit the influence of outliers .Experimental results indicate that this method achieved quite precise solution with just roughly leveling the instrument . This method will have more advantage when using star sensor for celestial navigation and positioning instead of theodolite .