闽江河口湿地自然保护区是福建省沿海湿地自然保护区网络中的重要组成部分,通过解译2003年和2013年两个时相的遥感影像,利用RS和GIS空间分析技术计算自然景观特征、生态学干扰和景观破碎化程度3项指标,并在此基础上构建2个层次的景观自然性评价指标体系.同时,运用层次分析法计算各个指标层的权重,定量分析了2003-2013年间研究区域的景观自然性的变化,并进一步探讨了不同距离的环状带对湿地保护区及周边区域景观自然性的影响,对闽江河口湿地保护区及其周边区域景观自然性变化进行分析.结果显示:2003-2013年间,闽江河口湿地自然保护区内景观自然性降低,降幅为9.17％,景观自然性有随着距离自然保护区距离增加而减小的趋势.景观自然性变化的自然驱动力为气候、水文、植被演替,人为驱动力为人类开发活动和政策导向.据此,提出3条建议以便更有效地保护自然保护区和周边区域的自然性,为闽江河口湿地自然保护区的科学管理提供参考.%Natural wetlands are one of the most important ecosystems on the earth.However,natural wetlands in China have suffered great loss and degradation owing to rapid population and economic growth,together with long-term overexploitation.Naturalness is an indicator of the natural health of wetland ecosystems,and can reflect the interaction between natural processes and anthropogenic activities.Accordingly,analyses of the dynamic changes and driving mechanisms of naturalness can help to assess the conservation efficiency in nature reserves.Wetland naturalness is commonly defined as'the similarity of a current wetland state to its natural state'.The Minjiang River Estuary Wetland Nature Reserve (MREWN) is a vital part of the coastal nature reserve network in Fujian Province,China.In this study,by interpreting two remote sensing images in 2003 and 2013,indices of natural landscape features,ecological disturbance,and landscape fragmentation were calculated based on remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques.The indices were selected to establish a ranking evaluation system to quantitatively assess the landscape naturalness of MREWN and its surroundings.The landscape naturalness value was calculated based on the dimensionless results and weights of indices,and the weights were determined using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP).The results show that during the period of 2003-2013,the landscape naturalness of MREWN deteriorated by 9.17％,and the landscape naturalness of buffer zones showed a decreasing trend with increasing distance away from MREWN.Over time,the research showed a transformation from natural to artificial and semi-artificial landscapes.The natural driving forces causing changes in the landscape naturalness of the research area included climate,hydrology,and vegetation succession,whereas the human driving forces were human developmental activities and policy guidance.The decreasing natural landscape and increasing artificial landscape strongly contradicted the supply and demand in land use owing to urbanization in the area surrounding MREWN.Despite certain achievements in MREWN protection,the local government still needs to invest more funds and intensify efforts to protect the naturalness of MREWN.To protect the existing naturalness more effectively and provide references for the scientific management of MREWN,we have provided three suggestions:(1) sufficient measures should be adopted to control ecological invasion in order to improve the habitat and ecological environment.Spartina alterniflora in the protected area should be artificially restrained or removed,and mangrove species should be planted in appropriate plots to restore the natural vegetation,which provide a suitable habitat for water birds;(2) considerable efforts to protect rare bird resources should be made.To protect the habitat of waterfowls,monitoring stations should be established,and the early warning system of detecting endemic diseases should be improved.Contaminants on the surface of wetland waters should be cleaned to reduce waterfowl mortality caused by marine pollution;and (3) unreasonable development and habitat utilization should be reduced,based on efficient environmental planning,which shouId strictly control the construction land index in the surrounding areas.The main function of nearby wetland parks should be environmental education,and their construction should be carried out strictly in accordance with the planning.
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