铀污染土壤的植物修复研究

摘要

With development of the Nuclear industry,heavy metal uranium emissions and diffusion in-duced uranium contamination of surface soils,which have taken great impact on society and environment.There are some U-contaminated soils in the world,how to remedy U-contaminated soils become a interest-ing problem in recent years.Phytoremediation technology is a low-cost,safety and environment kindly al-ternative for the cleanup of U-contaminated soils.Screening of perfect hyperaccumulators is the basic and key for this technology.In this paper,simulation experiments were designed for 1.00×102 mg·kg-1 U con-taminated soil,nineteen plant speices were selected to remove U from the contaminated soils.The results in-dicated that Lactuca sativa L.can be chosen as uranium hyperaccumulator because its BFS（bioconcentra-tion factors） and TFS（translocation factors） is more than 3 and U concentration in shoots reach 1.67×103 mg·kg-1.Ophiopogon japonicus cv,Phaseolus vulgaris L.,Iris confusa Sealy and Chlorophytum comosum（Thunb.） as potential species for phytoextraction for U-contaminated soil through genetic engineering,joint-repairing or adding soil amendments would become uranium hyperaccumulators,which may be candi-dates for phytoremediator.%核工业的发展,导致重金属铀的排放和扩散,造成了地表土壤的污染,对社会和环境造成了很大的影响,如何修复被铀污染的土壤成为了一个难题,近年发展起来的植物修复技术以其成本低廉、安全、环保的特点成为修复被铀污染的土壤的新选择.寻找理想的超富集植物是这一技术的基础和关键之所在,通过实验模拟铀污染土壤（土壤中铀的浓度为1.00×102 mg·kg-1）,选取分属8种科目的19种植物去修复,选出了几种对铀的修复性能较好的本土植物,实验表明四季香油麦菜的生物累积系数（Bioconcentration factors,BF