硫代葡萄糖苷的降解途径及其产物的研究进展

摘要

硫代葡萄糖苷(GS)是一类广泛存在于植物界的次生代谢产物,其降解产物具有多种活跃的化学和生物活性.GS种类繁多,根据其侧链R基团来源不同可以分为脂肪族、芳香族和吲哚族3大类.GS降解过程受多种因素影响而难以控制:不同种类的GS在硫苷酶作用下产生异硫氰酸酯类、腈类、硫氰酸酯类、环腈类、恶唑烷酮类化合物等,在较高温度下能发生自降解,在强酸、强碱以及某些化学物质的作用下也不稳定,也能在微生物作用下有效降解.该文从影响GS降解的内源和外源因素入手,系统阐述了GS的酶降解、热降解、化学降解、微生物降解等途径及其产物,为理论研究和生产实践中GS降解的控制提供信息.%Glucosinolats (GS) are a large group of secondary metabolites which are wildly present in vegetable kingdom,of which the degradation products have a variety of chemical and biological functions. Thus the degradation of GS are wildly concerned by researchers. It is difficult to control the degradation processes of GS,due to the diverse varieties and vast influence factors: under the action of myrosinase,different types of GS are mainly hydrolyzed to isothiocyanates, nitriles, thiocyanates, epithionitriles and oxazolidinones,and by the impact of the reaction conditions;GS autohydrolysis can be occurred at high temperature; GS are unstable under the effects of strong acid,alkali and other chemical substances. We started with the endogenous and exogenous factors, gives a review on the enzymic, thermal, chemical, microbial degradation and the main breakdown products,to provide the basis for the control of GS degradation during theoretical researches and manufacturing practices.