云南滇龙胆居群表型多样性及其与环境关系研究

摘要

In order to reveal the variation degree and variation pattern of the phenotypic in Gentiana rigescens. Twenty phenotypic traits of 400 individuals from twenty natural population accessions belonging five areas were investigated. Phenotypic variation between and within the populations of G. rigescens was analyzed by the coefficient of variation,Shannon-Weiner diversity index and nested variance analysis methods, and the pattern of variation morphological traits and geographical factors were analyzed by correlation analysis. The twenty populations of G. rigescens were classified by using cluster analysis. The results showed that,the highest phenotypic variation of O. rigescens was in Chuxiong region (CV=39.8％), the lowest variation was in Kunming region (CV= 31.4 ％). Twenty phenotypic traits in different natural populations were significantly different. The coefficients of variation were in the range: 14.4％～91.8％, and the average value was 40.4％ ,and the average value was between 26.8％～37.0％ in 20 natural populations. The phenotypic differentiation was higher in G. rigescens. The highest and the lowest differentiation coefficients were 36.03％ and 91.94％ ,respectively,and the average was 73.14％. Between-population variation comprised a majority of total phenotypic variation. The average diversity index was 2. 547 by the total twenty phenotype traits,and there were different among the five different areas,the highest was Chuxiong and the lowest was Yuxi,the diversity index were 1. 271 4 and 1. 266 7,respectively. According to correlation analysis,the longitude and rainfall could significantly affect the phenotypic variation of G. rigescens. However, the latitude,altitude, and temperature did not reveal significant effect. Cluster analysis by twenty phenotypic traits,showed that the twenty populations of G. rigescens were divided into three groups, and the phenotypic traits not in same group by the near geographical distances. In conclusions,there is abundant phenotypic diversity in natural populations of G. rigescens, and the protection and utilizing of variation within geological population are important significance for G. rigescens.%为揭示滇龙胆天然居群表型变异程度和变异规律,以云南省5个区域天然分布的20个野生居群400个单株20个表型性状指标为调查研究对象,并用变异系数、Shannon-Weiner多样性指数和巢式方差分析对滇龙胆居群间和居群内的表型变异进行分析,用相关性分析对滇龙胆表型性状与地理气象因子间的变异格局进行分析,用类平均聚类法对20个滇龙胆居群进行分类.结果表明:5个区域的滇龙胆以楚雄地区变异最大,变异系数为39.8%,变异最小的是昆明地区,为31.4%;不同居群的20个表型性状变异程度差异明显,变异系数在14.4%~91.8%之间,平均为40.4%,20个居群的平均变异为26.8%~37.0%;滇龙胆地理居群的表型分化较高,20个性状居群间的分化系数平均为73.14%,变化范围为36.03%~91.94%,居群间变异高于居群内;滇龙胆20个表型性状的总的多样性指数平均为2.547,5个不同分布区域多样性指数存在差异,最大为楚雄(1.271 4),最小为玉溪(1.266 7);表型性状变异受经度和降雨量影响较大,与纬度、海拔和温度相关性不显著;通过UPGMA聚类,滇龙胆被分成3个组,性状的表型特征并没有依地理距离而聚类.研究发现滇龙胆表型变异式样丰富,对其资源的保护和利用具有重要意义.