云南野生稻叶茎根组织结构特性的比较研究

摘要

This paper made comparative study on the tissue structures of leaf, root and stem of the three Yunnan wild rice species and cultivated rice via hand-held slicing. It was found that (1) The tissue structures of leaf,root and stem between Yunnan wild rice and cultivated rice have significant differences,especially between the Jinghong Oryza meyeriana Baill. Jinghong O. Officinalis Griff, and cultivated rice. (2) In the leaf of main vein,Jinghong O. Meyeriana Baill. Has no gas chambers structure and the number of vascular bundles are the least with smaller vascular bundles areas,Jinghong O. Officinalis Griff, and O. Rufipogon Wall, have more than one vascular bundle and gas chambers structure,and the diameter of them are larger than cultivated rice,while there are two gas chambers in cultivated rice. (3)The structure of stem of Jinghong O. Meyeriana Baill. Is the smallest, and the vascular bundles is the fewest; The arrangement of vascular bundles is different in the stems wall from other rice. Jinghong O. Officinalis Griff, and O. Rufi-pogon Wall, have thicker stem and stem wall, more vascular bundles, and O. Rufipogon Wall, stem exists aerenchyma structure. (4)In the root,O. Rufipogon Wall, has more vessels, larger diameter of vessels and larger areas of stele than that of cultivated rice. O, rufipogon Wall, has exodermis grow casparian dotswhich have the function of casparian strips. This study lays the foundation of understanding the internal structures of wild rice,suggesting the relationship between the structures and the growth potential of Yunnan wild rice,the strong ability to absorb nutrients and resist diseases and insect pests,and exploring and utilizing the excellent genetic characteristics of wild rice.%采用徒手切片法对云南3种野生稻和栽培稻的叶片、茎秆及根的组织结构进行比较研究,以明确野生稻的内部结构,为进一步揭示其结构与云南野生稻的生长势旺盛、营养吸收能力强、抗某些病虫害能力强的关系奠定基础.结果表明,(1)云南野生稻与栽培稻叶片主脉、茎秆及根的组织结构差异显著,其中景洪疣粒野生稻、景洪药用野生稻与栽培稻的差异最明显.(2)在叶主脉结构中,景洪疣粒野生稻无气腔结构,维管束数量少、面积小；景洪药用野生稻、3个普通野生稻材料存在多个维管束和气腔结构,维管束、束内导管直径及气腔面积较栽培稻大,而栽培稻中的气腔均为2个.(3)在茎秆结构方面,景洪疣粒野生稻茎秆最小,维管束数量最少,其茎壁内的维管束排列方式与栽培稻不同；景洪药用野生稻和普通野生稻茎秆及茎壁较栽培稻粗厚,维管束数量也较栽培稻多,普通野生稻的茎壁中有通气组织.(4)在根的组织结构中,3种野生稻的导管数量较多,导管直径及中柱面积较栽培稻大,外皮层出现了具有凯氏带功能的凯氏点等.