A triterpenoid saponin was isolated from the pod of Gleditsia sinensis Lam.by ethanol extraction and silica gel column chromatography,and was identified by TLC,mp,IR,MS,1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.Its structure was determined to be 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[(6S),(2E)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethy-2,7-octadienoyl-(1→3) and (6'S),(2'E)-6'-hydroxy-2',6'-dimethy-2',7'-octadienoyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester.The acute toxicity experiment indicated that the tolerance dose to mouse was 160～400 mg/kg through mouth,and LD50 was 249.52 mg/kg,with the 95％ confidence limit of 224.81～276.95 mg/kg.Its toxicity to mice is greater than that of gleditsioside A.The research results show that the gleditsioside O is the main active ingredient in rat-killing.%采用乙醇提取、正丁醇萃取、常压硅胶柱反复层析的方法,并结合杀鼠活性追踪,从豆科植物皂荚(Gleditsia sinensis Lam.)的果实中分离到一个含有7个糖基的三萜皂苷,通过TLC、mp、IR、MS、1 H-NMR和13C-NMR等方法鉴定为3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-(1→ 6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基齐墩果酸28-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→4)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[(6S,2E)-6-羟基-2,6-二甲基-2,7-辛二烯醇-(1→3)-(6'S,2 'E)-6 '-羟基-2',6'-二甲基-2',7'-辛二烯醇-(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯[即皂荚皂苷O (Gleditsiosides O)].对小鼠的急性毒性测定结果表明,试鼠对皂荚皂苷O经口灌胃的耐受量为160～400 mg/kg,半数致死剂量LD50=249.52 mg/kg,95％可信区间为224.81～276.95 mg/kg;皂荚皂苷O对小鼠的急性毒性大于皂荚皂苷A.研究结果表明,皂荚皂苷O为皂荚的主要杀鼠活性成分.
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