石河子绿洲-荒漠区菊科植物物种多样性研究

摘要

在野外实地调查和室内标本整理鉴定的基础上,对石河子绿洲-荒漠区菊科植物物种多样性进行了初步研究.结果表明:(1)石河子绿洲-荒漠区菊科植物(不包括栽培)有45属90种,其中菊苣族、飞廉族、春黄菊族较多,共30属(占总属数的66.7％),67种(占总种数的74.4％)；而且单种属和寡种属在该区菊科区系中占有很大比例,共42属(占总属数的99.33％),70种(占总种数的77.78％).(2)该区菊科植物属的地理成分可划分为8个类型和5个变型,以旧世界温带及其变型成分(35.90％)与地中海区、西亚至中亚成分(28.21％)为主.(3)该区菊科植物生活型有5个类型,以一、二年生植物(27.78％)和地面芽植物(40％)为主,且短命(16.67％)、类短命(8.89％)、地上芽(6.67％)植物也为重要组成者；其生境较为多样,且各生境间相互渗透密切相关.%In this paper,the research was based on field investigation and indoor specimen identification.The species diversity of Asteraceae in Oasis and Desert of Shihezi was preliminary studied.It shows that:(1)90 species (don't include the cultivated species) discovered by investigation fall into 45 genera.The number of species is more about Tribe Cichorieae,Tribe Cardueae,Tribe Anthemideae of Asteraceae.Containing 30 genera accounting for 66.7％,67 species accounting for 74.4％;The single species,fewer species is large proportion of flora of the area Asteraceae.They are a total of 42 genera (93.33％),70 species (77.78％).(2)The geographical elements of genera are divided into 8 types and 5 variants,which are dominated by Old World Temperate and variants (35.90％) and Medit.,W.to C.Asia (28.21％).(3)The life forms are divided into 5 styles,which are dominated by hemicryptophytes (27.78 ％) and therophytes (40 ％).Meanwhile,ephemeral plants (16.67％),ephemeroid plants (8.89％) and chamaephytcs (6.67％) are also important components.The Asteraceae plant habitat is more diverse,which is closely related with reclamation area gradually expanded and interpenetration of farmland and native habitat.