化学调节物质浸种对不同水分条件下苦荞生长及其生理特性的影响

摘要

以‘黑丰一号’苦荞为材料,采用盆栽试验,研究了硫酸锌、硫酸锰、水杨酸及脯氨酸等4种化学调节物质浸种对正常灌水及干旱胁迫下苦荞生长的影响,探索提高苦荞抗旱性的最佳化学调控物质.结果表明:(1)在正常水分条件下,用化学调节物质浸种可不同程度提高苦荞幼苗的叶面积、株高、总根长、根表面积、根体积、壮苗指数、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、根系活力、SOD活性、POD活性以及光合速率;其中用硫酸锌的浸种效果最好,其次为水杨酸,二者与对照均达极显著差异,而叶片相对电导率、MDA含量较对照明显下降;硫酸锌和水杨酸浸种使苦荞比对照的单株穗数分别增加31.8％和21.0％,单株粒数增加38.0％和28.9％,百粒重提高8.9％和4.2％.(2)干旱胁迫与正常水分条件下相比,各调节物质浸种处理的苦养幼苗叶面积、茎粗、总根长、根表面积、根体积、根重、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、根系活力、SOD活性、POD活性以及光合速率均有所降低,但不同处理的下降幅度不同,其中以清水浸种(对照)的下降幅度最大;但叶片相对电导率和MDA含量明显上升,而且以清水浸种的上升幅度最大.(3)干旱胁迫下,硫酸锌和水杨酸浸种与对照相比,二者分别使苦荞叶片SOD活性、POD活性、光合速率、叶面积、总根长、叶绿素含量、根系活力均极显著提高,其中叶片相对含水量分别提高79.9％和70.9％,游离脯氨酸含量分别提高32.2％和36.6％,可溶性糖含量上升66.0％和43.9％,株穗数、株粒数、百粒重分别增加38.6％和36.2％、40.4％和39.0％、10.7％和6.9％.研究表明,在正常水分条件和干旱胁迫下,利用化学调节物质浸种均可显著提高苦荞的光合生理特性及其抗旱性,而且硫酸锌和水杨酸的处理效果更好.%The seeds of tartary buckwheat variety"Heifeng No. 1" were used as experimental material in pot during 2012, in order to study the effect of soaked seed with four different chemical regulators on the growth of tartary buckwheat under different water conditions and to find the best chemical regulators to improve the drought resistance of tartary buckwheat, the four chemical regulators are: ZnSO4 , MnSO4, SA and Pro. The main result showed that: (1) At normal irrigation, soaked seeds with the chemical regulators increased the leaf area,plant height, total root length,root volume,seedling index, leaf relative water content, proline content,soluble sugar content,root activity,SOD and POD activities and photosynthesis,while the treatment of ZnSO4 is the most effective to the growth of tartary buckwheat, SA is the latter, both of them are significant difference from the CK at 0. 01 level. Finally,the treatment of ZnSO4 and SA can increase the number of spikes by 31. 8% and 21. 0%,grains per plant can be gained by 38. 0% and 28. 9% , and 100-seed weight can be added by 8. 9% and 4. 2% respectively. However, the relative conductivity and MDA content of tartary buckwheat are dropped obviously. (2)Compared water stress and normal irrigation,the indexes of the leaf area, stem thickness, total root length, root volume, root weight, leaf relative water content, proline content, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, root activity, SOD and POD activities and photosynthesis are reduced,while relative conductivity and MDA content are increased by soaking with chemical regulators. The extents differed in the treatment of different chemical regulators,and soaked with H2O is changed most in all indexes. (3)At water stress,soaked with ZnSO4 and SA can significantly improve SOD and POD activities,photosynthesis,leaf area,total root length,chlorophyll content and root activity compared with CK. They can increase leaf relative water content by 79. 9% and 70. 9% .pro-line content by 32. 2% and 36. 6%, and soluble sugar content by 66. 0% and 43. 9% , respectively. The number of spikes, grains per plant and 100-seed weight can gained by 38. 6% and 36. 2%, 40. 4% and 39. 0%,10. 7% and 6. 9% separately. The research indicated that using chemical regulators can remarkable raise the photosynthetic physiological characteristics and drought resistance of tartary buckwheat under normal irrigation and water stress. The treatment of ZnSO4 and SA are the best.