山麦冬大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育研究

摘要

The megasporogenesis,microsporogenesis and development of female and male gametophyte of Liriope spicata (Thunb.)Lour.were observed by the method of paraffin sections.The main results as fol-lows:(1)the anther is four sporangiate and the development of anther wall is the basic type.The anther wall is composed of epidermis,endothecium,middle layer and tapetum.(2)The tapetum is of secretory type and the tapetal cells total breakdown at the time of pollen maturity.(3)The cytokinesis of the micro-spore mother cells in meiosis is of successive type.The microspore tetrads is isobilateral spore.The pollen grains are 3-celled when shed.The ovary has three chamber which has two ovule that is double integu-ments,tenuinucellate and anatropous.The archesporial cell functions directly as the megaspore mother cell.(4)After meiosis the megasporocyte divides into linear or T type tetrads.The megaspore in chalazal end is functional one.The embryo sac is of a polygonum type.The wall of the microspore mother cells be-come thicker by the deposition of callose at the time of meiosis and the callose wall were degenerated at the time of microspores.This study enriched the content for research about the reproductive of Liliaceae,and provided the references to study the system evolution of Liliaceae.%采用石蜡切片技术对百合科植物山麦冬大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育进行了观察研究。结果表明：(1)山麦冬花药具有4个花粉囊，花药壁的发育方式为基本型，花药壁完全分化时由表皮、药室内壁、中层及绒毡层组成。(2)绒毡层发育类型为分泌型，到四分体孢子彼此分离形成单细胞花粉阶段，绒毡层细胞开始解体退化，花粉成熟时绒毡层细胞完全消失；花粉母细胞减数分裂为连续型，四分体为左右对称形排列，成熟花粉为3-细胞花粉，单萌发沟。(3)子房3室，每室2枚胚珠，胚珠倒生型，双珠被，薄珠心，雌性孢原细胞不经过平周分裂而直接发育而成大孢子母细胞。(4)减数分裂后四分体大孢子呈线型或 T 型排列，合点端大孢子分化为功能大孢子，胚囊发育为蓼型；花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中，二分体、四分体细胞外方被胼胝质壁所包被，小孢子形成后胼胝质壁逐渐消失。该研究结果丰富了百合科植物生殖生物学研究的内容，也为探讨百合科植物的系统学研究提供了参考。