中国壳斗科植物属的空间多样性格局及其指标研究

摘要

通过植物专业网站及已发表的论文论著,查找每一种壳斗科植物在中国的具体分布地点(县),并采用地理信息系统技术,以县为空间数据的基本单元,以壳斗科植物为研究对象,从空间上获取多样性格局指标,定量研究中国壳斗科植物的属、类型的空间多样性格局.结果表明:(1)中国壳斗科植物中青冈属、栎属、锥属、柯属的斑块丰富度、多样性指数、斑块总数、总形状指数明显高于三棱栎属、栗属、水青冈属,而三棱栎属因只有一个斑块,属与种的空间多样性格局相同,与其他属明显不同.(2)中国壳斗科植物中属的空间多样性格局指标之间有一定的相关性,斑块丰富度、多样性指数、斑块总数、总形状指数相互之间、总面积与斑块总数、多样性指数、总形状指数之间呈显著正相关关系,总的最大斑块指数与均度指数之间呈显著负相关关系.(3)除三棱栎属外,其他属的斑块类型所占面积、占属面积的比例、斑块数目、最大斑块指数、形状指数各指标,基本上均随所在属斑块类型值的增加其相应指标依次降低,斑块类型与其他指标呈显著负相关关系.(4)中国壳斗科植物在青冈属、栎属、锥属、柯属中,每一个属种数为1～7的斑块类型所占面积之和、斑块数目之和分别占其属对应总指标的值均高于80％,表明种数较少的斑块类型构成了属的主要分布区,而种数较多的斑块类型,其各指标值均较低,分布范围很狭窄,但物种多样性高.%Distribution (county) of every species in Fagaceae of China was searched by plant professional websites,published papers and books.Geographic Information System was used in the paper.Indices of spatial diversity patterns were gotten based on the county and Fagaceae of China.The patterns of every genus and type were studied quantitatively.Results showed that:(1) in Fagaceae of China,patch richness,diversity indices,number of all patches and total shape index in Cyclobalanopsis,Quercus,Castanopsis and Lithocarpus are significantly higher than those in Formanodendron,Castanea and Fagus.There is a patch in Formanodendron,so spatial diversity patterns in genera and species are the same.Formanodendron is different from other genera in spatial diversity patterns.(2) In Fagaceae of China,there are positive correlations between indices of spatial diversity patterns in other genera.These indices are patch richness,diversity indices,number of all patches and total shape index.The correlations between total area and number of all patches,diversity indices or total shape index are positive,but the correlation between total largest patch index and evenness index is negative.(3) All indices,such as area of patch type,percentage of the genus,number of patches,largest patch index and shape index,decrease as value of patch type increases in every genus except for Formanodendron.The correlation between patch type and every index is negative.All correlations are significant.(4) Patch types including 1-7 species cover main distribution range of the genus because total area or number of patch of these types are more than 80％ that of the genus in Cyclobalanopsis,Quercus,Castanopsis or Lithocarpus of Fagaceae in China.The value of every index in patch types which number of species is more than 7,is lower because the distribution range of every type is narrower,but its diversity is higher.