不同除草剂加倍玉米单倍体的效率

摘要

The objective of this investigation was to explore a new technology of doubling maize haploids using herbicides. Maize haploids used in this research were induced from three hybrids: Pioneer 335, N-D 4, and 8607x8609. Herbicides, Amipro-phos-methyl (APM), pronamide and trifluralin with the concentration of 20, 40, 80, and 160 μmol L-1, respectively, were used for doubling the haploids by drop into the interior leaf whorls of the haploid from the 3-leaf stage to the 5-leaf stage. The haploid plants having pollens were self-pollinated during the pollen shedding stage and the doubling rates of three herbicides were investigated at the mature stage. Both chromosome number of root tip cells and pollen fertility among sampling haploid plants were analyzed. The results showed that all three herbicides had effects on doubling haploids with the rates of 3.42% and 26.32%. The doubling rates of haploids from Pioneer 335, N-D 4 and 8607×8609 were 4.29-26.32%, 3.85-20.81%, and 3.42-17.61%. The doubling rates of haploids from Pioneer 335, N-D 4 and 8607×8609 teated by 80 μmol L·-1 APM were 25.02%, 20.13%, and 14.99%, respectively. The results showed that there were significant differences between Pioneer 335 and N-D 4, Pioneer 335 and 8607×8609, and N-D 4 and 8607x8609 for the doubling rates. To sum up, APM, pronamide and trifluralin all have significant effect on doubling maize haploids and the sensitivity of maize haploids from diverse sources to the same herbicide is different.%通过比较3种除草剂加倍玉米单倍体的效率,提出了利用除草剂加倍玉米单倍体的新方法.以先玉335、中农大4号和8607×8609三个基因型诱导的单倍体籽粒为材料,利用20、40、80和160 μmol L-1浓度的甲基胺草磷、炔苯酰草胺和氟乐灵作为加倍药剂,在单倍体植株生长到三叶期和五叶期时,用滴心法处理幼苗,选择有花粉的单株自交,收获后调查果穗加倍率；采用细胞学方法观察单倍体的染色体数目和花粉的活性.结果表明,20～160 μmolL-1的3种除草剂对玉米单倍体加倍均有效果,加倍率在3.42％～26.32％之间.甲基胺草磷、炔苯酰草胺和氟乐灵的加倍率分别为4.29％～26.32％、3.85％～20.81％和3.42％～17.61％;其中80 μmol L-1甲基胺草磷的加倍效果最佳,使用80 μmol L-1甲基胺草磷处理3个杂交种的单倍体,平均加倍率分别为25.02％、20.13％和14.99％.方差分析表明,3个基因型间的单倍体加倍率均呈极显著差异,可见使用甲基胺草磷、炔苯酰草胺、氟乐灵可以提高玉米单倍体的加倍频率,但不同基因型单倍体对除草剂的敏感性存在差异.