新疆棉花生育后期夜间增温对纤维产量和比强度的影响

摘要

选用早熟品种新陆早13和新陆早33为试验材料,设两个夜间增温(nighttime warming,NW Ⅰ和NW Ⅱ)处理,自然温度为对照(CK),以组装在半移动式保温箱内的远红外石英管作为增温装置,在大田中模拟夜间增温环境,调查棉花生育后期夜间增温对纤维产量和比强度的影响.结果表明,与对照相比,棉花生育后期夜间增温导致棉铃铃期缩短,单铃纤维干物质快速累积期提前,单铃皮棉产量增加.夜间增温提前棉纤维中可溶性糖进入转化期的时间,且持续期明显延长；提前纤维素累积期的起始时间,在快速累积期终止之前,≥15.0℃的夜间最低温度对快速累积期的持续时间及最大累积速率无明显影响,棉纤维发育期≥14.1℃的夜间最低温度对纤维比强度影响较小.因此,夜间最低温度是影响棉纤维中可溶性糖转化和纤维素累积特性的重要因子,进而影响单铃纤维干物质累积及单铃纤维产量.%Cotton yield and quality depend on genotype and environment interaction. Temperature is one of key factors to influence fiber synthesis at the late growth stage of cotton. In the paper, Using early-maturing cotton varieties as experimental material, increased night temperature was simulated in the field using far-infrared quartz tube set mounted in semi-mobile incubators, relative to normal night temperature treatment (control), to determine the effects of night temperature on the cotton yield and fiber strength at the late growth stage. The results showed that compared to the control, increased night temperature shortened cotton boiling period, the rapid accumulation at age of single boll fiber dry matter came earlier, and the single boll fiber yields significantly increased in the late growth stage of cotton. Increased night temperature mainly moved up the transformation from soluble sugar to fiber, and the duration was evidently extended, and also the initial time of rapid accumulation of cellulose synthesis came in advance, but the minimum night temperature ≥15.0℃ statistically had no effect on the duration of the rapid accumulation and the maximum accumulation rate before end of cellulose speedy accumulation period. Simultaneously, the fiber strength was affected slightly by minimum night temperature ≥14.1℃ during in the cotton fiber development. So the minimum temperature in the nighttime was a major factor associated with soluble sugar transformation and cellulose accumulation. Consequently, dry matter accumulation and fiber yield of single boll were closely associated with the minimum nighttime temperature.