兼抗型成株抗性小麦品系的培育、鉴定与分子检测

摘要

小麦条锈病、叶锈病和白粉病是我国小麦的重要真菌病害,培育兼抗型成株抗性品种是控制病害最为经济有效和持久安全的方法。本研究选用由成株抗性育种方法培育的21份冬小麦高代品系和96份春小麦高代品系,在多个环境下进行这3种病害的成株期抗性鉴定,并利用紧密连锁的分子标记检测了兼抗型基因 Lr34/Yr18/Pm38、Lr46/Yr29/Pm39和Sr2/Yr30的分布。田间鉴定表明,21份冬小麦品系中有17份兼抗3种病害,占80.9%；96份春小麦品系中有85份兼抗3种病害,占88.5%。分子标记检测发现,21份冬小麦品系均含QPm.caas-4DL,其中7份还含QPm.caas-2BS,9份还含QPm.caas-2BL；96份春小麦品系中,18份含Lr34/Yr18/Pm38,37份含Lr46/Yr29/Pm39,29份含Sr2/Yr30。以上结果表明,分子标记与常规育种相结合,可有效培育兼抗型成株抗性品种,为我国小麦抗病育种提供了新思路。%Stripe rust, leaf rust, and powdery mildew are devastative fungal diseases of common wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) in China, and breeding cultivars with pleiotropic adult-plant resistance is believed to be the most important solution to control these diseases effectively and environmental friendly. A total of 21 winter wheat advanced lines and 96 spring wheat advanced lines collected from adult-plant resistance breeding programs were used to estimate the level of resistance against the stripe rust, leaf rust and powdery mildew across several environments. Simultaneously, the distribution of pleiotropic resistance genes Lr34/Yr18/Pm38,Lr46/Yr29/Pm39, andSr2/Yr30 were also detected using molecular marker closely linked to the target genes. The field test showed that 17 winter wheat lines (80.9%) and 85 spring wheat lines (88.5%) performed acceptable resistance against the three diseases. All the 21 winter wheat lines tested containQPm.caas-4DL, of which seven contain QPm.caas-2BS and nine containQPm.caas-2BL. Among the 96 spring wheat lines, 18 carryLr34/Yr18/Pm38, 37 carryLr46/Yr29/Pm39, and 29 lines possessSr2/Yr30. These results indicate that molecular-marker-assistant selection in combination with conventional breeding is effective and applicable in developing pleiotropic adult-plant resistance cultivars, which provides a new thought for wheat resis-tance breeding.