鲜食玉米灌浆过程中籽粒玉米黄质含量的累积动态变化

摘要

In this experiment,six fresh corn varieties were used as the materials,and accumulated dynamic change of zeaxanthin content in grains was analyzed on 15,18,21,24,27 and 40 d after pollination.The resuhs showed that the accumulated dynamic change of zeaxanthin content in grains showed a single peak distribution.The zeaxanthin content of all varieties reached the highest value on 24 d after pollination,and then began to decrease and stabilize,except Zhefengtian No.2,whose zeaxanthin content was highest on 21 d after pollination.Difference of zeaxanthin content in different varieties grains was significant.The highest was Yuetian No.3 with 14.809 mg·kg-1.The lowest was Jinyinnuo,only up to 5.241 mg·kg-1.The rank of zeaxanthin content in grains was Yuetian No.3 ＞ Supersweet No.4 ＞ Zhetian No.6 ＞ Huazhen ＞ Zhefengtian No.2 ＞ Jinyinnuo,which showed no absolute relationship with grain color.Accumulated rate of zeaxanthin content was different in these varieties.The accumulated rate of Zhefengtian No.2 was fastest on 18 d after pollination,and Yuetian No.3 was on 21 d after pollination,while the other four varieties were on 24 d after pollination.In addition,in this study,24 days after pollination was regarded as optimal harvest period,which was with higher yield,best marketability,good taste,highest zeaxanthin content and highest food value.%选用6个鲜食玉米品种为材料,分析授粉后15,18,21,24,27和40d时籽粒玉米黄质含量,研究灌浆过程中玉米黄质的动态变化情况.结果表明:籽粒玉米黄质含量的累积动态呈单峰分布,除浙凤甜2号在授粉后21 d达到最高值,其余品种均在授粉后24d达到最高值,之后下降并逐渐趋于稳定.不同品种间籽粒玉米黄质含量存在着极显著差异,其中粤甜3号最高,为14.809 mg·kg-1;金银糯最低,为5.241 mg·kg-1;从大到小依次为粤甜3号＞超甜4号＞浙甜6号＞华珍＞浙凤甜2号＞金银糯,与籽粒颜色没有绝对的对应关系.玉米黄质累积速率分别是浙凤甜2号授粉后18d最快,粤甜3号是授粉后21d最快,其他4个品种则在授粉后24 d最快.另外,结合试验结果,提出授粉后24 d左右是鲜食玉米的最佳采收期,此时获得玉米黄质含量最高又兼顾产量、商品性、口感,食用价值最高.