Oil content and fatty acid composition were analysised using nuts of four species in Carya family from Yuhang, Jiande, Fuyang, Ningguo, Jinzhai and Hunan as materials. The results showed that the oil content in nut was the highest in C. hunanensis, 63.88%, followed by that in C. cathayensis, 62.72%, and that in C. dabieshanensis was the lowest, 51.00%.There was significant difference in oil content among the above four species (P<0.05%) .The main fatty acids in these nut oil were palmitic acid, patmitoleic acidt stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid. The saturated fatty acid content was the highest in C. hunanensis, while that in Carya cathayensis was the lowest; the monounsaturated fatty acid content was the highest in C. dabieshanensis, and that in C. illinoensis was the lowest; polyunsaturated fatty acids level in C. illinoensis was the highest and that in C. dabieshanensis was the lowest.%分析测定采集自浙江省余杭、建德、富阳,以及安徽省宁国、金寨,湖南省的4种山核桃果实含油率及其脂肪酸组成和含量.结果表明,山核桃种仁含油率为以湖南山核桃为最高,达63.88％;浙江山核桃次之,为62.72％；最低的是大别山山核桃,为51.00％.经一元方差分析得出4种山核桃含油率存在极显著差异(p＜0.05％).山核桃脂肪酸主要由棕榈酸、硬脂酸、棕榈烯酸、油酸、亚油酸和顺-1 1-二十碳烯酸组成,饱和脂肪酸含量最高的是湖南山核桃,最低的是浙江山核桃；单不饱和脂肪酸含量最高的是大别山山核桃,最低的是美国山核桃；不饱和脂肪酸含量最高的是美国山核桃,最低的是大别山山核桃.
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