不同机插株距和取秧面积对双季早稻产量的影响

摘要

The impacts of rice transplanters ’ transplanting settings ( planting space and seedling⁃taken size) on the rice yield were investigated in two varieties of early season rice:hybrid rice variety ( Zhuliangyou 819) and conventional rice variety (Zhongjiazao 17).The results showed that,different transplanting settings resulted in different basic numbers of transplanted seedlings,and the rice yield was significantly correlated with the basic number of transplanted seedlings. The basic numbers of transplated seedlings increased with the de⁃crease of planting space and the increase of seedling⁃taken size. The planting missing rate of transplanters de⁃creased with the increase of seedling taken size.Leaf area index and dry matter accumulation amount were highly related to the basic numbers of transplanted seedlings.The average yield of the rice transplanted with a 11.5 cm planting space was higher than that with a 13.8 cm planting space.In the field under the rice transplanted witha 13.8 cm planting space,the rice yield increased with the increase of seedling⁃taken size,and the seedling⁃taken size of 2.31 cm2 had the highest rice yield:8 174.16 kg/hm2 of Zhuliangyou819 and 7 925.54 kg/hm2 of Zhongjiaozao17. In the field under the rice transplanted with a 11.5 planting space,the rice yield was the high⁃est with the seedling⁃taken size of 1. 83 cm2 , and then declined with the larger seedling⁃taken size. With a 11.5 cm planting spce,the highest rice yields of Zhuliangyou819 and zhongjiaozao17 were 8 492.94 kg/hm2 and 8 000.23 kg/hm2 respectively. Therefore, the preferred machine transplanting settings for double season early rice are 11.5 cm planting space,1.83 cm2 seedling⁃taken size,and the seedling⁃taken size should be in⁃creased to 2.31 cm2 for conventional rice varieties.%选用株两优819和中嘉早17为供试品种，通过不同株距和取秧面积的机插移栽，探讨机插规格对早稻产量的影响。结果表明，不同机插规格导致不同基本苗数，产量与移栽基本苗数显著相关。基本苗数随移栽株距的减小和取秧面积的增大而增多。机插漏蔸率随着取秧面积的增加下降。叶面积指数、干物质总积累量的大小与机插不同规格的基本苗数量高度相关。株距11．5 cm处理的平均产量高于株距13．8 cm处理的平均产量。株距13．8 cm 处理中，随着取秧面积增大产量提高，产量最高的取秧面积是2．31 cm2，株两优819产量为8174．16 kg／hm2、中嘉早17产量为7925．54 kg／hm2；株距11．5 cm2处理中，产量最高的为取秧面积1．83 cm2处理，继续增加取秧面积产量下降，株两优819产量为8492．94 kg／hm2、中嘉早17产量为8000．23 kg／hm2。因此，早稻适宜机插规格，株距11．5 cm、取秧面积1．83 cm2，常规稻品种取秧面积亦可增至2．31 cm2。