冬种紫云英与稻草还田对双季水稻产量和土壤性状的互作效应

摘要

The objective of this study was to examine the interactive effect of winter legume manure cover⁃ing (Astragalus sinicus L.) and straw retention on yield and soil properties in a double rice cropping system.The results showed that winter legume manure covering and straw retention did not significantly affect both ear⁃ly and late rice yield in 2013,and no significant interaction was found.Straw retention had no significant effect on both early and late rice yield in 2014.There was marginally significant effect of winter legume manure cover⁃ing and straw retention on early rice yield in 2014 (P=0.090).Winter legume manure covering significantly increased the yield and biomass in early rice in 2014,but had no significant effect in late rice. Winter legume manure covering significantly increased the number of panicles and the number of spikelets per panicle in early rice in 2014,with marginally significant effect on the number of panicles in late rice (P=0.055).Winter leg⁃ume manure covering significantly reduced soil bulk density and increased the total porosity after the 2⁃year ex⁃periment.Straw retention significantly increased soil pH,whereas winter legume manure covering reduced the effect of straw retention.Winter legume manure covering and straw retention did not significantly affect the con⁃centration of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available nitrogen. Straw retention significantly increased the concentration of available phosphorous and potassium,and promoted the activity of soil celluloses,inverta⁃ses,proteinases,and acid phosphatases,whereas winter legume manure covering had no significant effect.Win⁃ter legume manure covering and straw retention synergistically increased the concentration of soil available phosphorous and the activity of celluloses.%通过2年田间试验，旨在明确冬种紫云英和稻草还田对双季水稻产量和土壤性状的互作效应。结果表明：稻草还田和冬种紫云英对2013年早晚稻产量均无显著影响，二者亦无显著的互作效应。稻草还田对2014年早晚稻产量无显著影响。稻草还田和冬种紫云英对2014年早稻产量的互作效应接近达到显著水平（ P＝0．090）。冬种紫云英显著提高了2014年早稻的产量和生物量，但是对晚稻影响不显著。冬种紫云英显著增加了2014年早稻的有效穗数和每穗粒数，对2014年晚稻有效穗数的影响接近达到显著水平（P＝0．055）。试验进行2年后，冬种紫云英显著降低了土壤容重，提高了土壤总孔隙度。稻草还田显著提高了土壤pH，而冬种紫云英降低了稻草还田对土壤pH的提升效应。冬种紫云英和稻草还田对土壤有机碳、总氮和碱解氮含量均无显著影响。稻草还田显著增加了土壤速效磷和速效钾的含量，提高了土壤纤维素酶、蔗糖酶、蛋白酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性，但冬种紫云英无显著影响。冬种紫云英和稻草还田对土壤速效磷含量和纤维素酶活性具有显著的协同促进效应。