紫苏生长与产量对种植密度、施肥及种植方式的响应

摘要

In order to establish an optimized high-yield production model for Perilla frutescens,field exper-iments were conducted to evaluate the effect of planting density,fertilization and planting patterns on the growth and yield of Perilla frutescens by using randomized block experimental design.The results showed that these three factors had significant effects on the thousand grain weight,total yield and field yield of the plant,but less effects on the plant height,stem diameter,root length,effective spike number and branch number of Perilla fru-tescens.The biomass of Perilla frutescens was 13 462 kg/hm2when the spacing was 20 cm × 20 cm.It was 42.5% and 13.3% higher than those when the spacings were 30 cm×20 cm and 25 cm×20 cm,respectively. The average yield of Perilla frutescens was 12 312 kg/hm2when treated by organic manure mixing with com-pound fertilizer.It increased by 16.3%and 3.6%compared with that under the treatment of organic manure and compound fertilizer alone.The average yield of Perilla frutescens under direct seeding increased by 16.6% com-pared with that under transplanting,up to 12 486 kg/hm2.The Harvest index of Perilla frutescens varied signifi-cantly with planting density and planting patterns.There were significant differences in grain yield between dif-ferent planting patterns.The yield of Perilla frutescens under transplanting was 1 050 kg/hm2,higher than that of 998 kg/hm2under direct seeding.Comprehensively cousidering the biomass,harvest index and grain yield, the optimized agronomic measures for Perilla frutescens cultivation were:the spacing of 20 cm×20 cm,the ap-plication of organic manure and compound fertilizer and the planting patterns of direct seeding.The total bio-mass,stem and leaf biomass,gain yield were 13 398 kg/hm2,9 877 kg/hm2and 1 279 kg/hm2respectively.%为提高紫苏产量、确定栽培方案,通过随机区组田间试验,探讨了种植密度、施肥及种植方式对紫苏生长及产量的影响.结果表明,3个因素对紫苏株高、地径、根长、有效穗数及分支数均无显著影响,对紫苏籽粒千粒质量、理论产量和实测产量均有显著影响.行株距20 cm×20 cm的紫苏生物学产量为13462 kg/hm2,依次比行株距30 cm×20 cm、25 cm×20 cm高42.5%和13.3%;有机肥与复合肥混施的紫苏平均产量为12312 kg/hm2,分别比单施有机肥、复合肥高16.3%和3.6%;直播紫苏平均产量为12486 kg/hm2,比移栽高16.6%.紫苏收获指数只在种植密度和种植方式间存在显著差异;而籽粒产量仅在种植方式间存在显著差异,移栽紫苏籽粒产量为1050 kg/hm2,高于直播的998 kg/hm2.综合考虑生物学产量、收获指数及籽粒产量,以收获地上部为目标的紫苏栽培以行株距20 cm×20 cm、混合施肥的直播组合最佳,生物学产量为13398 kg/hm2,茎叶产量9877 kg/hm2,籽粒产量1279 kg/hm2.