水稻恶苗病菌的生物学特性研究

摘要

研究了水稻恶苗病菌（串珠镰孢）的生物学特性，结果表明：麦芽糖琼脂培养基和察贝克氏培养基最适合病菌菌丝的生长，PSA 培养基最适宜孢子的产生；菌丝生长的适宜温度为5～35℃（最适30℃），适宜 pH为6～10，菌落产孢的最适 pH 为8；菌丝和孢子的致死温度为50℃；光照条件对菌落生长影响不明显，但以全暗条件下产孢量最大；在测试的碳源中，鼠李糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖最适宜菌丝生长，甘露醇和淀粉最适宜产孢；氮源中以硝酸钾最适宜菌丝生长，尿素最适宜产孢。生理生化特性测定结果表明：水稻恶苗病菌对孔雀石绿不敏感，对淀粉和硝态氮的利用能力较强。%The study showed that malt agar and the Czapek's medium were the best for the mycelial growth of Fusarium moniliforme and the PSA medium was the best for the spore production;The suit-able conditions for the mycelial growth were 5 -35 ℃(the optimum temperature was 30 ℃)and pH 6-10,and the optimum pH was 8 for the spore production;The lethal temperature of the mycelium and spore was 50 ℃;Light condition had less effect on the colony growth,but the spore production was the maximum in darkness;As carbon sources,rhamnose,dextrose and saccharose were the most fa-vorable for the mycelial growth,and mannitol and amylum were the most favorable for the spore pro-duction;As nitrogen sources,niter was the most favorable for the mycelial growth,and carbamide was the most favorable for the spore production.The determination of the physiological and biochemical characteristics showed that F .moniliforme was insensitive to malachite green and had a high ability to utilize starch and nitrate nitrogen.