利用分子标记辅助选育香型优质粳稻新种质

摘要

为选育香型优质粳稻新种质，以粳稻‘武香075’为香味基因供体，优质水稻‘金丰’为受体，配制杂交组合，通过分子标记辅助选择和 KOH 香味检测法对杂交分离后代进行香味基因与香味鉴定筛选。经世代综合优良性状选择，最终选育获得优质高产香型粳稻种质纯合株系‘香粳1305’。经农业部稻米及制品质量监督检验测试中心检测，‘香粳1305’稻米品质优良，达到国标二等食用粳米标准。两年多点试验结果显示，‘香粳1305’实割产量9487．50—9685．50 kg？hm2，较对照有显著或极显著增产，增产幅度为3．97％—7．23％，表现出较好的丰产性和稳产性。将分子标记辅助选择与常规育种手段相结合，可快速获得香味性状株系。%To breed fragrant rice with high quality,japonica variety ‘Wuxiang 075’was used as a fragrance gene donor and high quality rice variety ‘Jinfeng’as a recipient.Allele specific amplification and KOH were utilized to identify homozygous fragrant,homozygous non-fragrant,and heterozygous non-fragrant individuals.A fragrant rice germplasm named ‘Xiangjing 1305’with high quality was obtained through six generational agro-nomic traits selection.The quality of ‘Xiangjing 1305’was analyzed and tested by Rice Product Quality Supervi-sion and Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture in 2013.The brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head rice rate was 84.2%,75.8% and 73.8% respectively.Its chalky rice rate was 13% with 2.0 chalkiness degree,and transparency was 1 with 1.0 alkali digestion value.The gel consistency was found to be 70 mm with 15.3% amy-lose content and 9.3% protein content.The grain quality of the new germplasm reached the second class of na-tional edible rice standard.After cultivated in Jinshan District,Chongming County and Shangshi contemporary agricultural park in 2013—2014,the yields of ‘Xiangjing 1305’were at high and stable level of 9 487.50—9 685.50 kg?hm2 ,which increased with a range of 3.97%—7.23% than the control (‘Xiushui 128’and‘Xiushui 134’)and achieved significant or extremely significant level.By combination method of marker-assisted selection and conventional breeding,fragrant rice germplasms could be easily identified and obtained.