Morphological traits and main nutritional components, such as yield, average nut weight, content of total sugar, starch, protein, were examined. Genetic variation of nut morphological traits was studied. The results showed that,there were significant differences among crossed chestnut progenies. Some botanical characteristics, including nut height,nut width and starch content,water content,protein content,were relatively stable with variation coefficient CV) of lower than 10% ,nut thickness and fat content were also stable with CV of lower than 15% in all crossed chestnut progenies. The other botanical characteristics, such as yield, average nut weight and total sugar content, fiber content,had great genetic variation with CV of more than 15% . The range of yield varied from 84. 40 -2006.40 g with CV82.95% ,average nut weight varied form 2. 99 -13.30 g with CV23.79% in all progenies. The content of total sugar in overall level had very great diversity with CV52.04% . The study also discovered that,variation degree of yield was similar and average nut weight was different in crossed chestnut progenies with same female parent, and opposite result appeared in crossed progenies with same male parent. The differences maybe correlated with biological characteristics of female parent and xenia effect. Finally,3 individuals with high yield,high total sugar content and big nut with conical burs,respectively,were screened according to the results.%通过对板栗杂交后代株产、单粒重等形态特征及坚果总糖、淀粉、蛋白质含量等主要营养成分的测定,研究了板栗杂交后代坚果表型性状的遗传变异.结果表明,所有杂交后代性状差异显著,坚果高度、宽度与淀粉含量、水分含量、蛋白质含量等性状无论在总体水平还是各杂交组合内部均小于10％,是相对稳定的植物学性状,坚果厚度与脂肪含量变异系数也低于15％,也比较稳定；而株产、平均单粒重及总糖含量、粗纤维含量等性状在总体水平上高于15％,总糖含量变异系数甚至在50％以上,遗传多样性丰富,在其中选择特异性状单株具有很大潜力；分析还发现,母本(雄性不育板栗种质)相同,父本不同,杂交后代单株产量变异系数近似,而平均单粒重变异系数差异较大；父本(河北短丰)相同,母本不同,杂交后代株产与平均单粒重变异状况则相反,推测其与母本生物学特性及父本花粉直感效应有关；根据表型性状变异分析结果,本研究筛选出3个分别具有丰产、高糖、大果性状的单株.
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