不同谷物饲粮对肉仔鸡肠道微生物群落多样性的影响

摘要

选取1日龄AA肉仔鸡母雏360只，随机分为3个处理组，分别饲喂以玉米、小麦、大米为单一淀粉源配制等能等氮饲粮，饲养28 d，利用末端限制性片段长度多态性（ T-RFLP）技术测定不同饲粮类型对肉仔鸡肠道微生物群落多样性的影响。结果显示，限制性片段T-RF 160、T-RF 253和T-RF 292所代表的菌群是十二指肠、空肠和回肠中的优势菌群，大米饲粮组T-RF 253和T-RF 292片段所代表菌群优势度较玉米饲粮组和小麦饲粮组稍低，盲肠中优势菌群结构和含量与小肠存在较大差异。不同饲粮组间肉仔鸡肠道微生物群落的香侬-威纳指数、辛普森指数和均匀度指数均无显著差异（P＞0．05），但大米饲粮组较玉米饲粮组和小麦饲粮组表现出微生物群落多样性程度高，优势种群少的趋势；随着肠段向后推移，回肠和盲肠微生物物种较十二指肠和回肠丰富，且逐渐趋于稳定。本研究表明，不同肠段微生物群落结构存在较大的差异，饲粮谷物类型对肉仔鸡肠道微生物菌群结构和多样性存在一定程度的影响。%A total of 360 one-day-old female broiler chickens of the Arber Acres strain were randomly assigned to 3 groups,fed with iso-energy and iso-nitrogen diets containing corn ,wheat or rice as sole starch source ,respec-tively,for 28 days.The technique of terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism ( T-RFLP) was used to evalu-ate the effects of dietary types on intestinal microbial community diversity of broiler chickens .The results showed that the microflora represented by the restricted fragments of T-RF160 ,T-RF253 and T-RF292 were the dominant bacterial communities in duodenum ,jejunum and ileum of broiler chickens .However ,the dominance degree of flora represented by the restricted fragments of T-RF253 and T-RF292 in broiler chickens fed with rice diet was slightly lower than that of birds fed with corn diet and wheat diet .The profile and content of dominant colonies presented larger difference between cecum and small intestine .The different diets had no obvious significance on Shannon-weiner index ,Simpson index and Evenness index of intestinal microflora in broiler chickens ( P>0 .05 ) .There was a trend of higher degree of microbial community diversity and less dominant population in rice diet group than that in corn diet group and wheat diet group .With the intestinal segment passing towards the back ,microbe species in il-eum and cecum were richer than that in duodenum and jejunum ,and gradually tended to stabilization .This revealed that the microbial community structure among different intestinal segments had great difference ,and the dietary grain types had a certain degree of influence on intestinal microbial community profile and diversity in broiler chickens .